Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

New-onset systemic vasculitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: the trigger, phenotype, and outcome

  • REVIEW ARTICLE
  • Published:
Clinical Rheumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic overwhelmed the capacity of healthcare systems to cope with the rapidly spreading infection and its associated complications. Among these complications, autoimmune phenomena such as systemic vasculitis emerged as a significant challenge. Both the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the vaccines developed to combat it appeared to induce clinical manifestations resembling various types of systemic vasculitis, affecting large, medium, and small vessels. These virus- or vaccine-induced vasculitides exhibited a distinct natural history and course from de novo vasculitis, as they were more responsive to steroid therapy and some mild cases even resolved spontaneously. Notably, there have been no confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination triggering variable vessel vasculitis like Behcet’s disease or Kawasaki disease. IgA vasculitis, which is predominantly a pediatric condition, was more prevalent in adults after COVID-19 infection and they had a favorable outcome with glucocorticoid treatment. The impact of immunosuppression, especially B-cell-depleting agents, on the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evident, but there was no significant increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in these patients compared to the general population. Considering their relatively benign course, these post-COVID or post-vaccine vasculitides seem to be amenable to 0.8 to 1 mg/kg prednisolone or equivalent, which could be gradually tapered. The need for immunosuppression and the duration of steroid therapy should be determined on an individual basis. While the world still reels from the perils of a deadly pandemic, the aftermath continues to haunt. Our narrative review aims to explore the effects of COVID and the vaccine on systemic vasculitis, as well as the effect of disease and immunosuppression on the immunogenicity of the COVID vaccine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer [Internet] (2023) Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Accessed 3 Mar 2023

  2. Shah S, Danda D, Kavadichanda C, Das S, Adarsh MB, Negi VS (2020) Autoimmune and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment. Rheumatol Int 40(10):1539–1554

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z (2020) Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost 18(5):1094–1099

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY (2020) Thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the prism of Virchow’s triad. Clin Rheumatol 39(9):2529–2543

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Ziccardi MR, McCauley MD (2021) Virchow’s triad and the role of thrombosis in COVID-related stroke. Front Physiol 10(12):769254

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ahmed S, Anirvan P (2020) Reply to rheumatologists’ perspective on coronavirus disease 19: is heparin the dark horse for COVID-19? Clin Rheumatol 39(7):2099–2100

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Misra DP, Thomas KN, Gasparyan AY, Zimba O (2021) Mechanisms of thrombosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol 40(12):4807–4815

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Kallenberg CGM, Tadema H (2008) Vasculitis and infections: contribution to the issue of autoimmunity reviews devoted to “autoimmunity and infection.” Autoimmun Rev 8(1):29–32

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Haq SA, Pagnoux C (2019) Infection-associated vasculitides. Int J Rheum Dis 22:109–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mazzaro C, Dal Maso L, Gragnani L, Visentini M, Saccardo F, Filippini D et al (2021) Hepatitis B virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: review of the literature and long-term follow-up analysis of 18 patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC). Viruses 13(6):1032

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Piram M, Mahr A (2013) Epidemiology of immunoglobulin A vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein): current state of knowledge. Curr Opin Rheumatol 25(2):171–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Auanassova A, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Joshi M, Agarwal V et al (2023) Physicians’ perceptions about antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: an online survey report in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol 42(3):831–837

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jara LJ, Vera-Lastra O, Mahroum N, Pineda C, Shoenfeld Y (2022) Autoimmune post-COVID vaccine syndromes: does the spectrum of autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome expand? Clin Rheumatol 41(5):1603–1609

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY (2021) COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol 40(7):2611–2619

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Bekaryssova D, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Ahmed S (2022) Reactive arthritis before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol 41(6):1641–1652

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Blackmore H, Kitas GD (2011) Writing a narrative biomedical review: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatol Int 31(11):1409–1417

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mejren A, Sørensen C, Gormsen L, Tougaard R, Nielsen B (2022) Large-vessel giant cell arteritis after COVID-19 vaccine. Scand J Rheumatol 51(2):154–155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Szydełko-Paśko U, Przeździecka-Dołyk J, Kręcicka J, Małecki R, Misiuk-Hojło M, Turno-Kręcicka A (2022) Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in the course of giant cell arteritis after COVID-19. Am J Case Rep 11(23):e933471-1-e933471-5

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mendes JL, Venade G, Manuel P, Costa Matos L, Nascimento E (2022) Virus and autoimmunity: can SARS-CoV-2 trigger large vessel vasculitis? Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 9(8):003486

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Ishizuka DK, Katayama K, Ohira Y (2022) Giant cell arteritis presenting with chronic cough and headache after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. QJM Int J Med 115(9):621–622

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gilio M, De Stefano G (2022) Large-vessel vasculitis following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Intern Emerg Med 17(4):1239–1241

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Anzola AM, Trives L, Martínez-Barrio J, Pinilla B, Álvaro-Gracia JM, Molina-Collada J (2022) New-onset giant cell arteritis following COVID-19 mRNA (BioNTech/Pfizer) vaccine: a double-edged sword? Clin Rheumatol 41(5):1623–1625

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Gambichler T, Krogias C, Tischoff I, Tannapfel A, Gold R, Susok L (2022) Bilateral giant cell arteritis with skin necrosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Br J Dermatol 186(2):e83

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sauret A, Stievenart J, Smets P, Olagne L, Guelon B, Aumaître O et al (2022) Case of giant cell arteritis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a particular phenotype? J Rheumatol 49(1):120.1-120

    Google Scholar 

  25. Aoki K, Yamamoto S, Tochitani K (2022) Transient large-vessel vasculitis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Intern Med 61(13):2083–2084

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Mehta P, Sattui SE, van der Geest KSM, Brouwer E, Conway R, Putman MS et al (2021) Giant cell arteritis and COVID-19: similarities and discriminators A systematic literature review. J Rheumatol 48(7):1053–1059

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Vieira M, Comarmond C, Labreuche J, Mirouse A, Saadoun D, Richez C et al (2022) COVID-19 outcomes in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica versus rheumatoid arthritis: a national, multicenter, cohort study. J Autoimmun 132:102868

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Shala N, Jashari F, Boshnjaku D, Shala A, Ibrahimi P, Kukaj V, et al (2021) A 14-year-old male patient with Kawasaki disease presented with stroke after COVID-19. Cui D, editor. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021:1–5

  29. Khan I, Sarwar A, Ahmed Z (2020) Atypical case of COVID-19 associated Kawasaki disease in an eight-year-old Pakistani boy. Cureus 12(9):e10670

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Labé P, Ly A, Sin C et al (2020) Erythema multiforme and Kawasaki disease associated with COVID-19 infection in children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 34(10):e539–e541. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.16666

  31. Labé P, Ly A, Sin C, Nasser M, Chapelon-Fromont E, Ben Saïd P et al (2020) Erythema multiforme and Kawasaki disease associated with COVID-19 infection in children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 34(10):e539–e541

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Manion AB, Lubelchek A, Bensko L (2023) Prolonged fever: Kawasaki disease in a pediatric patient with COVID-19. J Pediatr Health Care 37(2):208–212

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tahir M, Mehmood R, Ahmad MS (2023) Complete Kawasaki disease after COVID-19 infection in an infant. Pak J Med Sci 39(2):616–618

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Hoste L, Van Paemel R, Haerynck F (2021) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 180(7):2019–2034

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, Collins JP, Newhams MM, Son MBF et al (2020) Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 383(4):334–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Yilmaz Ciftdogan D, Ekemen Keles Y, Cetin BS, Dalgic Karabulut N, Emiroglu M, Bagci Z et al (2022) COVID-19 associated multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in 614 children with and without overlap with Kawasaki disease-Turk MIS-C study group. Eur J Pediatr 181(5):2031–2043

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Patnaik S, Jain MK, Ahmed S, Dash AK, P RK, Sahoo B, et al (2021) Short-term outcomes in children recovered from multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatol Int 41(11):1957–62

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Ouldali N, Pouletty M, Mariani P, Beyler C, Blachier A, Bonacorsi S et al (2020) Emergence of Kawasaki disease related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an epicentre of the French COVID-19 epidemic: a time-series analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 4(9):662–668

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Iio K, Matsubara K, Miyakoshi C, Ota K, Yamaoka R, Eguchi J et al (2021) Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan. BMJ Paediatr Open 5(1):e001034

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Ono R, Hasegawa D (2021) Prevalence and characteristics of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Pediatr 17(2):215–217

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Uppal NN, Kello N, Shah HH, Khanin Y, De Oleo IR, Epstein E et al (2020) De novo ANCA-associated vasculitis with glomerulonephritis in COVID-19. Kidney Int Rep 5(11):2079–2083

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Moeinzadeh F, Dezfouli M, Naimi A, Shahidi S, Moradi H (2020) Newly diagnosed glomerulonephritis during COVID-19 infection undergoing immunosuppression therapy, a case report. Iran J Kidney Dis 14(3):239–242

  43. Mashinchi B, Aryannejad A, Namazi M, Moradi S, Masoumi Z, Parsaei A et al (2023) A case of C-ANCA-positive systematic lupus erythematous and ANCA-associated vasculitis overlap syndrome superimposed by COVID-19: a fatal trio. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 7(1):117–121

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shakoor MT, Birkenbach MP, Lynch M (2021) ANCA-associated vasculitis following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Am J Kidney Dis 78(4):611–613

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Izci Duran T, Turkmen E, Dilek M, Sayarlioglu H, Arik N (2021) ANCA-associated vasculitis after COVID-19. Rheumatol Int 41(8):1523–1529

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Hakroush S, Tampe B (2021) Case report: ANCA-associated vasculitis presenting with rhabdomyolysis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Front Immunol 30(12):762006

    Google Scholar 

  47. Yadav R, Shah S, Chhetri S (2022) ANCA-associated vasculitis following Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 79:104123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104123

  48. El Hasbani G, Uthman I (2023) ANCA-associated vasculitis following the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Nephron 147(2):103–107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim BC, Kim HS, Han KH, Han SY, Jo HA (2022) A case report of MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis following heterologous mRNA1273 COVID-19 booster vaccination. J Korean Med Sci 37(26):e204

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Sekar A, Campbell R, Tabbara J, Rastogi P (2021) ANCA glomerulonephritis after the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination. Kidney Int 100(2):473–474

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Al-Yafeai Z, Horn BJM, Terraccaine W, Jose A, Krishnan P (2022) A case of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis post COVID-19 vaccination. Cureus 14(3):e23162

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Powell WT, Campbell JA, Ross F, Peña Jiménez P, Rudzinski ER, Dickerson JA (2021) Acute ANCA vasculitis and asymptomatic COVID-19. Pediatrics 147(4):e2020033092

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Hussein A, Al Khalil K, Bawazir YM (2020) Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis presented as pulmonary hemorrhage in a positive COVID-19 patient: a case report. Cureus 12(8):e9643

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Yadav R, Shah S, Chhetri S (2022) ANCA-associated vasculitis following Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Ann Med Surg 5(79):104123

    Google Scholar 

  55. Zamoner W, Scardini JB, De Dio BJ, de Melo Marques A, dos Santos Silva V, Garcia AL et al (2022) ANCA-associated vasculitis following Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil: is there a causal relationship? A case report. Front Med 9:1003332

    Google Scholar 

  56. Fireizen Y, Shahriary C, Imperial ME, Randhawa I, Nianiaris N, Ovunc B (2021) Pediatric P-ANCA vasculitis following COVID-19. Pediatr Pulmonol 56(10):3422–3424

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Reiff DD, Meyer CG, Marlin B, Mannion ML (2021) New onset ANCA-associated vasculitis in an adolescent during an acute COVID-19 infection: a case report. BMC Pediatr 21(1):333

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Kant S, Morris A, Ravi S, Floyd L, Gapud E, Antichos B et al (2021) The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ANCA associated vasculitis. J Nephrol 34(1):185–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Westra J, van Assen S, Wilting KR, Land J, Horst G, de Haan A et al (2014) Rituximab impairs immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG (subclass) responses after influenza vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 178(1):40–47

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Bruchfeld A, Kronbichler A, Alberici F, Fervenza FC, Jayne DRW, Segelmark M et al (2021) COVID-19 and ANCA-associated vasculitis: recommendations for vaccine preparedness and the use of rituximab. Nephrol Dial Transplant 36(9):1758–1760

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Sugino H, Sawada Y, Nakamura M (2021) IgA Vasculitis: etiology, treatment, biomarkers and epigenetic changes. Int J Mol Sci 22(14):7538

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Sandhu S, Chand S, Bhatnagar A, Dabas R, Bhat S, Kumar H et al (2021) Possible association between IgA vasculitis and COVID-19. Dermatol Ther 34(1):e14551

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Jacobi M, Lancrei HM, Brosh-Nissimov T, Yeshayahu Y (2021) Purpurona: a novel report of COVID-19-related Henoch-Schonlein purpura in a child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 40(2):e93–e94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Allez M, Denis B, Bouaziz J, Battistella M, Zagdanski A, Bayart J et al (2020) COVID-19–related IgA vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 72(11):1952–1953

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Sugita K, Kaneko S, Hisada R, Harano M, Anno E, Hagiwara S et al (2022) Development of IgA vasculitis with severe glomerulonephritis after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report and literature review. CEN Case Rep 11(4):436–441

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Li NL, Papini AB, Shao T, Girard L (2021) Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis with renal involvement in a patient with COVID-19: a case report and review of acute kidney injury related to SARS-CoV-2. Can J Kidney Health Dis 8:205435812199168

    Google Scholar 

  67. Suso AS, Mon C, Oñate Alonso I, Galindo Romo K, Juarez RC, Ramírez CL et al (2020) IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch−Schönlein purpura) in a COVID-19 patient. Kidney Int Rep 5(11):2074–2078

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. AlGhoozi DA, AlKhayyat HM (2021) A child with Henoch-Schonlein purpura secondary to a COVID-19 infection. BMJ Case Rep 14(1):e239910

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Ramdani Y, Galempoix JM, Augusto JF, Dekmeer E, Perard L, Ferreira N et al (2022) Immunoglobulin A vasculitis following COVID-19: a French multicenter case series. J Rheumatol 49(12):1390–1394

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ozcifci G, Aydin T, Atli Z, Balkan II, Tabak F, Oztas M et al (2022) The incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of COVID-19 in a prospectively followed cohort of patients with Behçet’s syndrome. Rheumatol Int 42(1):101–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. den Otter AAS, van der Houwen TB, van Hagen PM, van Laar JAM (2022) Clinical course of COVID-19 infections in patients with Behçet’s disease in The Netherlands. Clin Exp Rheumatol 40(8):1504–1509

    Google Scholar 

  72. Correa-Rodríguez M, Callejas-Rubio JL, Rueda-Medina B, Ríos-Fernández R, de la Hera-Fernández J, Ortego-Centeno N (2022) Clinical course of Covid-19 in a cohort of patients with Behçet disease. Med Clínica 159(6):262–267

    Google Scholar 

  73. Accorinti M, Manni P, Sampalmieri L, Saturno MC (2022) Ocular Behçet disease and COVID-19. Eur J Ophthalmol 32(2):NP148–NP149

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Shahram F, Esalatmanesh K, Khabbazi A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Sadeghi A et al (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with Behcet’s disease: a report of 59 cases in Iran. Clin Rheumatol 41(4):1177–1183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Hashizume H, Ajima S, Ishikawa Y (2022) Emergence of Behçet’s disease post-SARS-CoV2-vaccination: two clinical cases in Japan. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol JEADV 36(4):e248–e249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Tagini F, Carrel L, Fallet B, Gachoud D, Ribi C, Monti M (2022) Behçet’s-like adverse event or inaugural Behçet’s disease after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccination? Rheumatol Oxf Engl 61(5):e112–e113

    Google Scholar 

  77. Yıldırım R, ÜsküdarCansu D, Dinler M, Korkmaz C (2022) Reactivation in major organ involvement following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in Behçet’s syndrome patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 61(SI2):SI197–SI199

    Google Scholar 

  78. Bhargava A, Kharkar V, Mahajan S, Gole P (2022) Neutrophilic pustular eruption with Behcet’s like illness post Covid-19 vaccination. Indian Dermatol Online J 13(4):493

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Mazzoccoli G, Matarangolo A, Rubino R, Inglese M, De Cata A (2016) Behçet syndrome: from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Clin Exp Med 16(1):1–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India, 751024

    Prakashini MV & Sakir Ahmed

  2. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan

    Akerke Auanassova & Marlen Yessirkepov

  3. Department of Clinical Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

    Olena Zimba

  4. National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland

    Olena Zimba

  5. Department of Internal Medicine N2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine

    Olena Zimba

  6. Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK

    Armen Yuri Gasparyan & George D. Kitas

  7. Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    George D. Kitas

Authors
  1. Prakashini MV
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Akerke Auanassova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marlen Yessirkepov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Olena Zimba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Armen Yuri Gasparyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. George D. Kitas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sakir Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All the authors substantially contributed to the drafting and revision of the manuscript. They take full responsibility for the integrity of all aspects of work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sakir Ahmed.

Ethics declarations

Disclosures

None.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

MV, P., Auanassova, A., Yessirkepov, M. et al. New-onset systemic vasculitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: the trigger, phenotype, and outcome. Clin Rheumatol 42, 2761–2775 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06694-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06694-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation