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Serum 14-3-3η protein is associated with clinical and serologic features of Sjögren’s syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional analysis

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Abstract

Introduction/objectives

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) may coexist and carry a higher risk for future comorbidities. Although 14-3-3η protein is recently a known diagnostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), its role has not been investigated in SLE. The aim of this study was to compare serum 14-3-3η protein level in SLE and RA patients and to examine its association with clinical and laboratory features in SLE patients.

Methods

Eighty-four SLE patients and 39 RA patients were included. Sociodemographic, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), and damage index were assessed for SLE patients. Data about secondary SS were collected. 14-3-3η was measured by ELISA; titres above 0.19 ng/ml were considered positive.

Results

Serum 14-3-3η protein in SLE was significantly lower than in RA (0.37 ± 0.09 vs 1.5 ± 0.51; p < 0.001). 14-3-3η protein level was comparable between SLE patients with and without arthritis (0.29 ± 0.8 vs 0.15 ± 0.08 respectively; p = 0.20). Serum 14–3-3η protein level was higher in SLE with secondary SS features compared to those without (0.22 ± 0.10 IU/ml vs 0.11 ± 0.04 IU/ml; respectively, p < 0.001). There were no differences in 14–3-3η positivity for other lupus criteria or correlation of 14–3-3η titer with SLEDAI. 14–3-3η protein at 1.11 ng/mL yield a secondary SS diagnostic accuracy of 71%.

Conclusions

Serum 14–3-3η protein level is high in SLE-associated SS. The 14–3-3η protein level was able to distinguish patients with secondary SS among patients with SLE. Studying the role of 14–3-3η protein in Sjögren’s syndrome would be considered in further larger scale studies to confirm the impact of any association.

Key Points

• Serum 14-3-3η protein level is significantly higher in systemic lupus patients with secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) in comparison to those without.

• Serum 14-3-3η protein can be used as a useful marker to distinguish patients with secondary SS among patients with systemic lupus.

• 14-3-3η protein level shows no difference between systemic lupus patients with and without arthritis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut Campus, Assiut, Egypt

    Nevin Hammam, Nada M. Gamal, Amira M Elsonbaty & Ahmed M. Rashed

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt

    Mona H. Elzohri

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

    Zeiad H. Eldaly

  4. Clinical Pathology Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt

    Dalia Tarik

  5. Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Tamer A. Gheita

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  1. Nevin Hammam
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Correspondence to Nevin Hammam.

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The study conforms to the 1995 Helsinki declaration and was approved by Assiut Faculty of Medicine ethical committee. Informed consent was obtained from all patients.

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Hammam, N., Gamal, N.M., Elzohri, M.H. et al. Serum 14-3-3η protein is associated with clinical and serologic features of Sjögren’s syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional analysis. Clin Rheumatol 39, 2603–2610 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-020-05033-3

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