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Validation of Turkish version of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire

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Abstract

Objectives

The Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) is a functional scale which consists of five scleroderma-specific items (overall disease severity, Raynaud’s phenomenon, digital ulcers, respiratory and intestinal involvement) in addition to Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). The objective of this study was to perform an adaptation and validation of a Turkish version of the SHAQ.

Method

We validated psychometric properties of the scale with 70 consecutive systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, who fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc. We evaluated test–retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), discriminant validity by stratifying patients according to organ involvements and disease subtypes, and convergent validity by testing the correlation between SHAQ and related components of Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2). Internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results

The SHAQ-global, visual analogue scales (VAS) of pulmonary, digital ulcer, and Raynaud’s phenomenon were significantly correlated with the physical component score of the SF-36v2 (r = − 0.274, r = − 0.295, r = − 0.326, r = − 0.308, p < 0.05, respectively) for the convergent validity. The instruments could not discriminate between disease subtypes, except the digital ulcer VAS which was significantly higher in patients with dcSSc (1.00 ± 0.93 vs 0.55 ± 0.88, p = 0.026) for the discriminant validity. The HAQ-DI, SHAQ-global, digital ulcer VAS, and pulmonary VAS showed moderate correlation with an increase in the number of the organs involved (r = 0.319, r = 0.329, r = 0.341, r = 0.278, p < 0.05, respectively). We demonstrated high reproducibility for HAQ-DI (ICC = 0.962, 95% confidence interval = 0.934–0.978) and the other items of SHAQ. The overall internal consistency of the SHAQ was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.953).

Conclusions

The Turkish version of the SHAQ met the requirements of validity and reproducibility.

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Acknowledgments

This study had no financial support. The authors thank all investigators for their contribution to the study. The corresponding author certifies that all authors approved the entirety of the submitted material and contributed actively to the study. We would like to thank Mr. Jeremy Jones, of the Kocaeli University Academic Writing Department, for the revision of the English in this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, 41380, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Duygu Temiz Karadag, Senem Tekeoglu, Ayten Yazici, Ozlem Ozdemir Isik & Ayse Cefle

  2. Kocaeli University School of Medicine, 41380, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Fatih Karakas

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  1. Duygu Temiz Karadag
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  2. Fatih Karakas
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  3. Senem Tekeoglu
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Correspondence to Duygu Temiz Karadag.

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This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Temiz Karadag, D., Karakas, F., Tekeoglu, S. et al. Validation of Turkish version of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire. Clin Rheumatol 38, 1917–1923 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04494-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04494-5

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