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Investigation of a large ground collapse and countermeasures during mountain tunnelling in Hangzhou: a case study

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Abstract

This paper presents a case study of ground collapse (30 m wide and 16 m deep) during tunnelling under a water channel in the city of Hangzhou, China. The ground collapse damaged the constructed tunnel locally, and remedial measures had to be taken to resume the tunnelling works. In this paper, a forensic geotechnical and geological study was undertaken in which the geological condition at the collapsed site was reviewed, the causes for the collapse were investigated, and the development of the soil failure mechanism was evaluated. Remediation measures undertaken at the project site are also discussed. During this forensic investigation study, the strata over the tunnel was found to be of low strength and furthermore erodible to groundwater seepage. Groundwater seepage was detected, which was attributed to be the triggering force that contributed to the collapse. Tunnelling construction using explosives for blasting rocks was attributed to be one of the causes of the failure. A four-step rapid remediation measure was proposed on site, which included filling of the collapsed crater, reinforcement of collapsed debris in the tunnel, grouting and dewatering, and removal of debris and tunnelling. Tunnelling was resumed soon thereafter. The field monitoring data validated effectiveness of the proposed rapid remediation.

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Acknowledgements

The research work described herein was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 41672259) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2015CB057806). This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Ning Zhang & Jack Shuilong Shen

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration (CISSE), Shanghai, 200240, China

    Ning Zhang & Jack Shuilong Shen

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean, and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Ning Zhang, Jack Shuilong Shen & Jin-Chun Chai

  4. Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia

    Jack Shuilong Shen & Arul Arulrajah

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering and Computer Science (ECS), University of Victoria, 424, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada

    Cheng Lin

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  1. Ning Zhang
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  2. Jack Shuilong Shen
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  3. Cheng Lin
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Correspondence to Jack Shuilong Shen.

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Zhang, N., Shen, J.S., Lin, C. et al. Investigation of a large ground collapse and countermeasures during mountain tunnelling in Hangzhou: a case study. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78, 991–1003 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1098-0

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