Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on peanut structure for temperature and refractive index measurement

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Optical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A fiber Mach–Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer based on the peanut structure is proposed to measure the temperature and the refractive index (RI). This design includes the peanut-like structure parts and a sensing part. The peanut structures are fused with single-mode fiber (SMF) and few-mode fiber (FMF). The middle sensing part is formed by cascading FMF and thin core fiber (TCF). We show that the light intensity ratio between the core and the cladding can be increased using additional FMF in the peanut structure and the middle sensing part. Moreover, the sensitivity of RI can be increased using the TCF in the sensing part. Experimental results show that the maximum RI sensitivity of the sensor is around 210 nm/RIU and the maximum temperature sensitivity reaches 310 pm/℃.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig.8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tian, Z., Yam, S.H., Barnes, J., Bock, W., Greig, P., Fraser, J.M., Loock, H.P., Oleschuk, R.D.: Refractive index sensing with Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on concatenating two single-mode fiber tapers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20(8), 626–628 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tian, Z.B., Yam, S.H.: In-line abrupt taper optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometric strain sensor. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21(3), 161–163 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu, D., Zhu, T., Deng, M., Duan, D.W., Yao, J., Rao, Y.J.: Refractive index sensing based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by three cascaded single-mode fiber tapers. Appl. Opt. 50(11), 1548–1553 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Geng, Y., Li, X., Tan, X., Deng, Y., Yu, Y.: High-sensitivity Mach-Zehnder interferometric temperature fiber sensor based on a waist-enlarged fusion bitaper. IEEE Sensors J. 11(11), 2891–2894 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Li, B.Y., Jiang, L., Wang, S.M., Zhou, L.Y.: Ultra-Abrupt tapered fiber mach-zehnder interferometer sensors. Sensors 11(12), 5729–5739 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Shao, M., Qiao, X.G., Fu, H.W., Zhao, N., Liu, Q.P., Gao, H.: An in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on arc-induced tapers for high sensitivity humidity sensing. IEEE Sensors J. 13(5), 2026–2031 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, Q., Wei, W.Q., Guo, M.J., Zhao, Y.: Optimization of cascaded fiber tapered Mach-Zehnder interferometer and refractive index sensing technology. Sens. Actuator B Chemical 222, 159–165 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Miao, Y.P., He, Y., Ma, X.X., Zhang, H., Song, B.B., Yang, X.P., Xue, L.F., Liu, B., Yao, J.Q.: Low-temperature cross-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on single-mode fiber with periodically modulated taper. IEEE Sensors J. 16(8), 2442–2446 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wo, J.H., Sun, Q.Z., Liu, H., Li, X.L., Zhang, J.J., Liu, D.M., Sun, P.P.: Sensitivity-enhanced fiber optic temperature sensor with strain response suppression. Opt. Fiber Technol. 19(4), 289–292 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chong, J.H., Shum, P., Haryono, H., Yohana, A., Rao, M.K., Lu, C., Zhu, Y.N.: Measurements of refractive index sensitivity using long-period grating refractometer. Opt. Commun. 229, 65–69 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fu, C.L., Zhong, X.Y., Liao, C.R., Wang, Y.P., Wang, Y., Tang, J., Liu, S., Wang, Q.: Thin-core-fiber-based long-period fiber grating for high-sensitivity refractive index measurement. IEEE Photon. J. 7(6), 1–8 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Rodriguez-Quiroz, O., Dominguez-Flores, C.E., Monzon-Hernandez, D., Moreno-Hernandez, C.: Hybrid fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer with improved refractometric response. J. Lightwave Technol. 37(17), 4268–4274 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ojha, S., Kumar, N., Kumar, A.: Sensitivity enhancement of a single-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer by sensitizing its interference length. Appl. Opt. 59(14), 4392–4397 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhu, Y.J., Zheng, J., Deng, H.C., Yuan, L.B., Deng, S.J., Teng, C.X.: Refractive index and temperature measurement by cascading macrobending fiber and a sealed alternated SMF-MMF structure. Opt. Commun. 485, 126738 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rong, Q., Qiao, X., Wang, R., Sun, H., Hu, M., Feng, Z.: High-sensitive fiber-optic refractometer based on a core-diameter-mismatch Mach-Zehnder interferometer. IEEE Sens. J. 12(7), 2501–2505 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gong, H., Xiao, Y., Kai, N., Zhao, C.L., Dong, X.: An optical fiber curvature sensor based on two peanut-shape structures modal interferometer. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(1), 22–24 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang, R., Kai, N., Wu, X.Y., Ma, Q.F.: Refractometer based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer with peanut-shape structure. Opt. Commun. 353, 27–29 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yu, F., Xue, P., Zhao, X.W., Zheng, J.: Investigation of an in-line fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on peanut-shape structure for refractive index sensing. Opt. Commun. 435, 173–177 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fang, D.Y., Xue, P., Zhao, X.W., Zheng, J.: Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a peanut-shape structure in-line fiber mach-zehnder interferometer. IEEE Sensors J. 19(3), 950–955 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ma, Y.W., Yi, Y., Li, X.Y., Su, C.B., Zhang, M., Geng, T., Sun, W.M., Yuan, L.B.: Refractometer based on fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of two micro bending cores. Opt. Express 29(20), 31443–31454 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. of LH2020F028, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. of 3072020CFJ2507, the Shenzhen Basic Research Project under Grant No. of JCYJ20190808173619062, the 111 projects (B13015) to the Harbin Engineering University, and Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Control, School of Measurement and Communication Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China

    Xuelian Yu, Shanshan Zuo & Yue Zhang

  2. Key Lab of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China

    Xuelian Yu, Yiwei Ma, Ruoning Wang, Ke Tian, Tao Geng & Pengfei Wang

  3. School of Information and Intelligence Engineering, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315000, China

    Wenlei Yang

Authors
  1. Xuelian Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shanshan Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yue Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yiwei Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ruoning Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wenlei Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ke Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Tao Geng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Pengfei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xuelian Yu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yu, X., Zuo, S., Zhang, Y. et al. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on peanut structure for temperature and refractive index measurement. Opt Rev 29, 492–497 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-022-00765-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-022-00765-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation