Abstract
To quantify the changes in optical properties of in vivo rat liver tissue, we applied diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system using single-reflectance fiber probe during ischemia and reperfusion evoked by hepatic portal occlusion (hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct). Changes in the reduced scattering coefficient μ s′, the absorption coefficient μ a, the tissue oxygen saturation StO2, and the oxidation of heme aa3 in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) OHaa3 of in vivo rat liver (n = 6) were evaluated. Heme aa3 in CcO were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) during ischemia, which indicates a sign of mitochondrial energy failure induced by oxygen insufficiency of liver tissue. We found that OHaa3 obtained from the proposed method was unchanged immediately after the onset of ischemia and started gradually decreasing at 2 min after the onset of ischemia. Difference in the time course between OHaa3 and the conventional ratio metric analysis with μ a(605)/μ a(620) reported in literature demonstrates that the proposed method is effective in reduction of optical cross talk between hemoglobin and heme aa3. Our results suggest that DRS technique is applicable and useful for assessing in vivo tissue viability and hemodynamics in liver intraoperatively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cursio, R., Colosetti, P., Saint-Paul, M.C., Pagnotta, S., Gounon, P., Iannelli, A., Auberger, P., Gugenheim, J.: Induction of different types of cell death after normothermic liver ischemia-reperfusion. Transplant. Proc. 42(10), 3977–3980 (2010)
Kiuchi, T., Schlitt, H.J., Oldhafer, K.J., Nashan, B., Tanaka, A., Wonigeit, K., Ringe, B., Tanaka, K., Yamaoka, Y., Pichlmayr, R.: Early acute rejection after hepatic graft reperfusion: association with ischemic injury with good function, oxygenation heterogeneity, and leukocyte adhesion without aggregation. Transplant. Proc. 29(1–2), 364–365 (1997)
El-Desoky, A.E., Delpy, D.T., Davidson, B.R., Seifalian, A.M.: Assessment of hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury by measuring intracellular tissue oxygenation using near infrared spectroscopy. Liver 21(1), 37–44 (2001)
de Groot, H., Noll, T.: Halothane-induced lipid peroxidation and glucose-6-phosphatase inactivation in microsomes under hypoxic conditions. Anesthesiology 62(1), 44–48 (1985)
Chandel, N.S., Budinger, G.R., Choe, S.H., Schumacker, P.T.: Cellular respiration during hypoxia. Role of cytochrome oxidase as the oxygen sensor in hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 272(30), 18808–18816 (1997)
Sato, N., Hayashi, N., Kawano, S., Kamada, T., Abe, H.: Hepatic hemodynamics in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis as assessed by organ-reflectance spectrophotometry. Gastroenterology 84(3), 611–616 (1983)
Bydlon, T.M., Nachabé, R., Ramanujam, N., Sterenborg, H.J., Hendriks, B.H.: Chromophore based analyses of steadystate diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: current status and perspectivesfor clinical adoption. J. Biophotonics 8(1–2), 9–24 (2015)
Akter, S., Maejima, S., Kawauchi, S., Sato, S., Hinoki, A., Aosasa, S., Yamamoto, J., Nishidate, I.: Evaluation of light scattering and absorption properties of in vivo rat liver using a single-reflectance fiber probe during preischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and postmortem. J. Biomed. Opt. 20(7), 076010 (2015)
van Staveren, H.J., Moes, C.J., van Marie, J., Prahl, S.A., Gamert, M.J.: Light scattering in Intralipid-10 % in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm. Appl. Opt. 30(31), 4507–4514 (1991)
Nishidate, I., Mizushima, C., Yoshida, K., Kawauchi, S., Sato, S., Sato, M.: In vivo estimation of light scattering and absorption properties of rat brain using a single-reflectance fiber probe during cortical spreading depression. J. Biomed. Opt. 20(2), 027003 (2015)
Prahl, S.A.: Tabulated molar extinction coefficient for hemoglobin in water. http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/hemoglobin/summary.html (1999)
Cytochrome Spectra. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/medphys/research/borl/intro/spectra (2005)
Hoshi, Y., Hazeki, O., Kakihana, Y., Tamura, M.: Redox behavior of cytochrome oxidase in the rat brain measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6), 1842–1848 (1997)
Li, C.H., Wang, H.D., Hu, J.J., Ge, X.L., Pan, K., Zhang, A.Q., Dong, J.H.: The monitoring of microvascular liver blood flow changes during ischemia and reperfusion using laser speckle contrast imaging. Microvasc. Res. 94, 28–35 (2014)
Vollmar, B., Glasz, J., Post, S., Menger, M.D.: Role of microcirculatory derangements in manifestation of portal triad cross-clamping-induced hepatic reperfusion injury. J. Surg. Res. 60(1), 49–54 (1996)
Goldstein, R.M., Secrest, C.L., Klintmalm, G.B., Husberg, B.S.: Problematic vascular reconstruction in liver transplantation. Part I. Arterial. Surgery 107(5), 540–543 (1990)
Payen, D.M., Fratacci, M.D., Dupuy, P., Gatecel, C., Vigouroux, C., Ozier, Y., Houssin, D., Chapuis, Y.: Portal and hepatic arterial blood flow measurement of human transplanted livers by implanted Doppler probes: interest for early complications and nutrition. Surgery 107(4), 540–543 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akter, S., Tanabe, T., Maejima, S. et al. In vivo estimation of optical properties of rat liver using single-reflectance fiber probe during ischemia and reperfusion. Opt Rev 23, 354–359 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-015-0171-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-015-0171-9