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Evaluation of water inrush from underlying aquifers by using a modified water-inrush coefficient model and water-inrush index model: a case study in Feicheng coalfield, China

Évaluation de l’émergence d’eau issue des aquifères sous-jacents à l’aide d’un modèle modifié de coefficient d’émergence d’eau et d’un modèle d’indice d’émergence d’eau: une étude de cas situé dans le bassin houiller d Feicheng Coalfield, Chine

Evaluación de la filtración de agua desde acuíferos subyacentes utilizando un modelo modificado de coeficiente de filtración y un modelo de índice de filtración: un estudio de caso en el yacimiento de carbón de Feicheng, China

基于改进的突水系数法及突水危险性指数法的煤层底板含水层突水危险性评价:以中国肥城煤田为例

Avaliação da afluência de aquíferos subjacentes usando modelos modificados de coeficiente de afluência e de índice de afluência: estudo de caso na jazida de carvão de Feicheng, China

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Abstract

Water inrush from underlying aquifers seriously threatens mining of Permo-Carboniferous coal seams in many North China coalfields. To evaluate the risk of water inrush from underlying aquifers, a modified water-inrush coefficient method—using the water inrush coefficient (T) and geological structure index (G)—and a water-inrush index model (WII model) were proposed. The T_G model improved the traditional water-inrush coefficient method by quantifying the degree of geological structure development, considering three main controlling factors: G, aquifer water pressure (P) and aquitard thickness (M). The WII model was constructed to assess the risk of floor water inrush by the entropy weight method, which integrated six factors: G, P, M, the depth at which ground pressure creates a broken-rock zone (Cp), aquifer water yield property (Y), and percentage of brittle rock within the aquitard (B). Results from the engineering practice data analysis validated the T_G and WII models as operational tools to evaluate the risk of water inrush from an underlying aquifer. The comparative analysis of the predictions by these two models shows that the prediction accuracy of the WII model is 13% higher than that of the T_G model, and approximately 21% of the two model predictions are not in agreement. A more reasonable prediction was obtained with application of the T_G and WII models to Feicheng coalfield in Shandong Province to evaluate water inrush risk from the underlying aquifer, and the prediction offers guidance on different preventive measures against water hazards in the underlying Ordovician limestone in the different zones.

Résumé

L’émergence d’eau issue des aquifères sous-jacents menace sérieusement l’exploitation des veines de charbon du Permo-Carbonifère dans de nombreux bassins houillers en Chine du Nord. Pour évaluer le risque d’émergence d’eau issue des aquifères sous-jacents, une méthode modifiée de coefficient d’émergence d’eau—utilisant le coefficient d’émergence (T) et l’indice de structure géologiques (G)—et un modèle d’indice d’émergence d’eau (modèle WII) sont proposées. Le modèle T_G a amélioré la méthode traditionnelle du coefficient d’afflux d’eaux souterraines en quantifiant le degré de développement de la structure géologique, compte tenu de trois principaux facteurs de contrôle: G, la pression de l’eau dans l’aquifère (P) et l’épaisseur de l’aquitard (M). Le modèle WII a été élaboré pour évaluer le risque d’afflux d’eaux souterraines au niveau du sol à l’aide de la méthode de pondération de l’entropie, qui intègre six facteurs: G, P, M, la profondeur à laquelle la pression du sous-sol crée une zone de fragilité de la roche (Cp), le coefficient d’emmagasinement de l’aquifère (Y), et le pourcentage de roche fragilisée au sein de l’aquitard (B). Les résultats de l’analyse des données des pratiques d’ingénierie ont validé les modèles T_G et WII en tant qu’outils opérationnels pour évaluer le risque d’afflux d’eaux souterraines issues d’un aquifère sous-jacent. L’analyse comparative des prévisions de ces deux modèles montre que la précision des prévisions du modèle WII est 13% supérieure à celle du modèle T_G, et environ 21% des prévisions des deux modèles ne sont pas concordantes. Une prévision plus réaliste a été obtenue en appliquant les modèles T-G et WII sur le bassin houiller de Feicheng dans la province de Shandong pour évaluer le risque d’afflux d’eaux souterraines issues de l’aquifère sous-jacent, et la prévision offre des conseils sur les différentes mesures à mettre en œuvre pour se prémunir des dangers d’émergence d’eaux souterraines issues des calcaires sous-jacents de l’Ordovicien dans différentes zones.

Resumen

La filtración de agua de los acuíferos subyacentes amenaza seriamente la explotación minera de los yacimientos de carbón de Permo-Carboníferos en muchos de aquellos situados en el norte de China. Para evaluar el riesgo de filtración de agua desde los acuíferos subyacentes, se propuso un método modificado de coeficiente de filtración—utilizando el coeficiente de filtración (T) y el índice de estructura geológica (G)—y un modelo de índice de filtración (modelo WII). El modelo T_G mejoró el método tradicional del coeficiente de filtración cuantificando el grado de desarrollo de la estructura geológica, considerando tres factores principales de control: G, la presión del agua del acuífero (P) y el espesor del acuífero (M). El modelo WII se construyó para evaluar el riesgo de filtración desde el piso mediante el método del peso de la entropía, que integró seis factores: G, P, M, la profundidad a la que la presión del terreno crea una zona de roca rota (Cp), propiedad de rendimiento de agua del acuífero (Y), y porcentaje de roca quebradiza dentro del acuífero (B). Los resultados del análisis de datos de la práctica de ingeniería validaron los modelos T_G y WII como herramientas operativas para evaluar el riesgo de la filtración desde un acuífero subyacente. El análisis comparativo de las predicciones de estos dos modelos muestra que la precisión de la predicción del modelo WII es un 13% mayor que la del modelo T_G, y aproximadamente el 21% de las dos predicciones del modelo no están de acuerdo. Se obtuvo una predicción más razonable con la aplicación de los modelos T_G y WII al yacimiento de carbón Feicheng en la provincia de Shandong para evaluar el riesgo de filtración de agua desde acuífero subyacente, y la predicción ofrece orientación sobre diferentes medidas preventivas contra los peligros del agua en la caliza ordovícica subyacente en las diferentes zonas.

摘要

在中国很多华北型煤田,煤层底板含水层突水问题严重威胁石炭-二叠系煤层的开采。本文提出了一种改进的突水系数法(融合突水系数T与构造复杂指数G)与突水危险性指数法(WII模型)来评价煤层底板含水层突水危险性。T_G模型通过定量化构造发育复杂程度改进了传统的突水系数法,考虑了G,含水层水压(P)和隔水层厚度(M)三个主控因素。采用熵权法建立了WII模型,该模型融合了G,P,M,底板破坏深度(Cp),含水层富水性(Y)和脆性岩比率(B)六个主控因素。工程实践数据分析结果验证表明,T_G和WII模型是煤层底板含水层突水危险性评价的一种有效方法。综合分析表明,WII模型的预测精度比T_G模型高13%,并且有近21%的样本预测结果是不同的。将T_G和WII模型综合应用于山东省肥城煤田底板含水层突水危险性评价,得到了较为合理的预测结果,为不同区域的奥陶系灰岩含水层的水害防治措施提供了依据。

Resumo

A afluência a partir de aquíferos subjacentes é uma ameaça séria em minerações de carvão do Permo-Carbonífero no norte da China. A fim de avaliar o risco de afluência de aquíferos subjacentes, foram propostos um método modificado de coeficiente de afluência—usando o coeficiente de afluência (T) e o índice de estrutura geológica (G)—e um modelo de índice de afluência (modelo WII). O modelo T_G aperfeiçoou o método tradicional de coeficiente de afluência através da quantificação do grau de desenvolvimento de estruturas geológicas, considerando três fatores principais de controle: G, pressão da água do aquífero (P) e espessura do aquitardo (M). O modelo WII foi elaborado para estimar o risco de afluência a partir do piso através do método de peso de entropia, que integrou seis parâmetros: G, P, M, a profundidade na qual a pressão no piso cria uma zona de ruptura na rocha (Cp), rendimento do aquífero (Y), e porcentagem de rocha fraturada no aquitardo (B). Os resultados da análise de dados da prática de engenharia validaram os modelos T_G e WII como ferramentas operacionais para avaliar o risco de afluência de aquífero subjacente. A análise comparativa das previsões desses dois modelos mostra que a precisão do modelo WII é 13% maior em relação ao modelo T_G, e aproximadamente 21% das previsões dos dois modelos não estão em concordância. Uma previsão mais razoável foi obtida a partir da aplicação dos modelos T_G e WII para a jazida de carvão de Feicheng na Província de Shandong para avaliar o risco de afluência a partir do aquífero subjacente, e a previsão oferece orientação sobre medidas distintas de prevenção contra perigos hídricos no calcário Ordoviciano subjacente em zonas diferentes.

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Funding

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51804184, 41572244), the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents (2017RCJJ033), the Open Fund Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MDPC2017ZR05), and the Shandong Province Nature Science Fund (ZR2015DM013).

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Correspondence to Mei Qiu.

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Shi, L., Qiu, M., Wang, Y. et al. Evaluation of water inrush from underlying aquifers by using a modified water-inrush coefficient model and water-inrush index model: a case study in Feicheng coalfield, China. Hydrogeol J 27, 2105–2119 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01985-2

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