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Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901)

Kommentierte Übersetzung von “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder” von Alexander Herzberg (1901)

Traduction annotée de “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [L’approvisionnement en eau de certains thermes de la mer du Nord]” par Alexander Herzberg (1901)

Traducción comentada de “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [El suministro de agua de algunos balnearios del Mar del Norte]” por Alexander Herzberg (1901)

对Alexander Herzberg (1901)所著的“Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [北海一些温泉浴场的供水]” 翻译及注解

Tradução comentada de “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [O fornecimento de água de alguns spas do Mar do Norte]” de Alexander Herzberg (1901)

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Abstract

The publication “The water supply of some North Sea spas” by Alexander Herzberg in 1901 is a cornerstone of coastal groundwater research. It was fundamental to the development of the Ghijben-Herzberg principle, which describes the hydrostatic equilibrium between fresh and saline groundwater. Due to its age and the language barrier, the paper is often cited but probably rarely read. Therefore, the original paper has been translated from German into English, accompanied by an introduction and notes explaining the historical context.

Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder” von Alexander Herzberg aus dem Jahr 1901 ist ein Meilenstein der Erforschung des Grundwassers in Küstenzonen. Er enthält wesentliche Grundlagen für die Formulierung des Ghijben-Herzberg-Gesetzes, welches das hydrostatische Gleichgewicht zwischen süßem und salzigem Grundwasser beschreibt. Die Arbeit wird zwar häufig zitiert, aber aufgrund ihres Alters und der Sprachbarriere wahrscheinlich sehr viel seltener gelesen. Daher wurde sie aus dem Deutschen in das Englische übersetzt, ergänzt durch eine Einführung und Fußnoten, die den historischen Kontext erläutern.

Résumé

La publication “L’approvisionnement de certains thermes de la mer du Nord” par Alexander Herzberg en 1901 est la pierre angulaire de la recherche sur les eaux souterraines côtières. Il était fondamental pour le développement du principe de Ghijben-Herzberg, qui décrit l’équilibre hydrostatique entre les eaux souterraines douces et salées. En raison de son âge et la barrière linguistique, le papier est souvent cité mais probablement rarement lu. Par conséquent, l’article original a été traduit de l’allemand vers l’anglais, accompagné d’une introduction et de notes expliquant le contexte historique.

Resumen

La publicación “El suministro de agua de algunos balnearios del Mar del Norte” por Alexander Herzberg en 1901 es una piedra angular de la investigación del agua subterránea costera. Fue fundamental para el desarrollo del principio Ghijben-Herzberg, que describe el equilibrio hidrostático entre el agua subterránea dulce y salina. Debido a su edad y la barrera del idioma, el documento a menudo se cita, pero probablemente rara vez se lee. Por lo tanto, el documento original ha sido traducido del alemán al inglés, acompañado de una introducción y notas que explican el contexto histórico.

摘要

由Alexander Herzberg1901年撰写发表的“北海一些温泉浴场的供水”是沿海地下水研究的基石。它是Ghijben-Herzberg原理发展的重要基础,Ghijben-Herzberg原理描述了地下淡水和地下咸水之间的流体静力平衡。由于年代久远以及语言障碍,论文经常被引用,但大概很少有人能够阅读到本文。因此,原文从德文翻译成了英文,并附有一个简介和解释当时历史背景的说明。

Resumo

A publicação “O fornecimento de água de alguns spas do Mar do Norte” de Alexander Herzberg em 1901 é um pilar da pesquisa em águas subterrâneas costeiras. Foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento do princípio de Ghijben-Herzberg, que descreve o equilíbrio hidrostático entre as águas subterrâneas doces e as águas subterrâneas salinas. Devido à sua idade e à barreira do idioma, o artigo é frequentemente citado, mas provavelmente raramente é lido. Portanto, o documento original foi traduzido do alemão para o inglês, acompanhado de uma introdução e notas explicativas do contexto histórico.

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Notes

  1. Börner & Herzberg for water supply, sewerage, gas and electrical lighting installations. The company existed at least until 1943.

  2. For many years, his company maintained a branch office on the island, staffed by a Mr. Brons, which operated the water supply and waste water scheme on behalf of the Prussian Government.

  3. Explanatory report on the dewatering and water supply project of the island village Norderney.

  4. German Association of Gas and Water Tradesmen (DVGW), founded 1859 in Frankfurt, today German Association of Gas and Water Profession e.V. (DVGW), publisher of the journal

  5. Journal for Gas Lighting and Water Supply. The journal is continued, however, under a different name and in two separate editions, (1) as “gwf Wasser/Abwasser” for water-related topics and (2) as “gwf Gas + Energie” for gas and energy topics, published by Oldenbourg, now Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH, Munich.

  6. Nikolaus Heinrich Schilling (1826-1894), German gas technician, worked together with Hans Bunte, first editor (1858) of the journal

  7. Schillings’s Journal of Gas Lighting and Related Lighting Techniques as well as Water Supply

  8. Baurat (older spelling Baurath) was an honorary, non-academic title for a technical expert from the building industry. Sometimes also “Königlicher Baurat” (Royal Baurat).

  9. Wien is Vienna, capital of then Austria-Hungary; Norddeich is Norden-Norddeich (Fig. 1), the only eastern Frisian town with direct connection to the German train network, an important ferry harbor to several islands.

  10. At this time, Germany was greatly expanding its naval forces, leading to an arms race with Great Britain.

  11. See Fig. 1

  12. Mainland of Denmark (Fig. 1)

  13. More likely it is a formation in-situ as barrier islands at the fringe of the Wadden Sea by eolian and marine sedimentation.

  14. Dollart: estuary of River Ems (Fig. 1), shaped by several storm floods between the 13th and 16th century

  15. Wadden Sea: intertidal area between the mainland coast and the barrier islands (Fig. 1)

  16. Current spelling: Wangerooge (Fig. 1)

  17. The kingdom of Hannover, including Eastern Frisia, was annexed by Prussia in 1866 after the German-Austrian War, where Hannover had sided with the vanquished Austrian side.

  18. The sea spa was officially opened in 1800. Norderney (Fig. 1) became part of the kingdom of Hannover in 1815. The crown prince of Hannover, George (1819–1878), later King George V., vacationed there several times between 1836 and 1865.

  19. Duchy of Nassau, also annexed by Prussia in 1866

  20. The (Prussian) domain administration (of a province or district) managed and leased state-owned property, usually real estate

  21. The yellowish coloring is due to the presence of dissolved humic acids, and is still present today on many islands. Since it is not hygienically relevant, it is usually not removed. Tourists are informed of this issue by signs in the kitchens and bathrooms of their hotel rooms.

  22. Today a terrestrial origin is assumed to be more likely.

  23. Robert Lucius (1835–1914), later ennobled Baron of Ballhausen, medical doctor and Prussian politician. From 1879 to 1890 he was the Prussian Minister of Agriculture and close friend of Otto von Bismarck.

  24. Geheimrat is the contemporary title of a senior civil servant.

  25. Max Cornelius (1837–1925), senior civil servant in the Ministry of Agriculture (Domain Department)

  26. Hidde Petrus Nicolaas Halbertsma (1853–1929), Dutch engineer, worked and lived in both the Netherlands and Germany, built several water towers of which some still exist

  27. Probably a contemporary proverb

  28. This would roughly be equal to €110.000 today.

  29. Darg is peat-dominated soil.

  30. Herzberg uses the outdated term “Schliefsand”, which describes a loose, very fine sand.

  31. Fig. 2 is the original Figure 931 redrawn.

  32. Joseph König (1843–1930), Professor at Münster University, one of the founding fathers of food chemistry in Germany. Published an influential multi-volume book on the “Chemistry of human food”

  33. Lead white is a white pigment (2 PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) which turns black when exposed to sulphide.

  34. Prof. Dr. Alexander Herzfeld (1854–1928), director of the sugar industry institute, Berlin.

  35. Fig. 3 is the original Figure 932 redrawn.

  36. Today, most textbooks assume a seawater density of 1.025 kg/m3 and thus h = 40·t.

  37. A similar event on Norderney 1908/1909 was discussed by Keilhack (1912); see also Houben and Post (2017).

  38. Heligoland (Fig. 1). In fact, the core of Heligoland is mostly composed of consolidated Triassic Bunter sandstone.

  39. A steam-operated piston-less pump patented in 1872 by the American Charles Henry Hall that soon became popular in Europe due to its simplicity and ability to pump viscous and turbid fluids.

  40. Heinrich (or C. Hermann?) Söhren (?1921), engineer, director of the municipal gas, electricity and water supply company of Bonn, deputy chairman of DVGW

  41. A town in the Netherlands, Halbertsma designed its water supply, including a water tower, in 1888.

  42. Journal für Gasbeleuchtung und Wasserversorgung 1892, No. 34

  43. Probably due to disposal of liquid wastes from potash mining, still a problem in the Elbe catchment today.

  44. Refers to bottled mineral waters. Selters, from the town of the same name in Germany, is still available.

  45. Theodor Stang (1836–1919), Norwegian engineer, director of the dune water supply company of the Hague, Netherlands (1874–1915) and opponent of the views of Badon Ghijben and Pennink

  46. Historic term for Quaternary (post-glacial) river deposits

  47. Historic term for Pleistocene (glacial) deposits

  48. Baurat Dr. F. Scheelhaase, director of the municipal water supply company of Frankfurt, pioneer of artificial groundwater recharge in Germany

  49. Kiel Canal, built 1887–1895, connects North Sea at Brunsbüttel (Fig. 1) to Baltic Sea at Kiel-Holtenau (98 km)

  50. Geheimer Hofrat, contemporaray title of a senior civil servant

  51. Hans Bunte (1848–1925), German chemist/physicist, professor at Karlsruhe University, pioneer of heating and gas research, chairman and general secretary of DVGW, editor of the journal at the time of Herzberg’s publication

  52. Actually, it is the water molecules that move to the sides with high-salinity.

  53. Actually, it is the water molecules that move to the sides with high-salinity.

References

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  • Herzberg A (1888) Erläuterungs-Bericht zum Entwässerungs- und Wasserversorgungs-Projekt des Inseldorfes Nordeney [Explanatory report on the dewatering and water supply project of the island village Norderney]. Rep. 16/3, no. 1212, Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv, Aurich, The Netherlands

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    Actually, it is the water molecules that move to the sides with high-salinity.

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Acknowledgements

Support by Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH, Munich, by releasing the copyright of the original publication, is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655, Hannover, Germany

    Georg Houben

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  1. Georg Houben
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Correspondence to Georg Houben.

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This article is part of the topical collection “Celebrating 50 years of SWIMs (Salt Water Intrusion Meetings)”

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Houben, G. Annotated translation of “Die Wasserversorgung einiger Nordseebäder [The water supply of some North Sea spas]” by Alexander Herzberg (1901). Hydrogeol J 26, 1789–1799 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1772-8

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