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Conifer Presence May Negatively Affect Sugar Maple’s Ability to Migrate into the Boreal Forest Through Reduced Foliar Nutritional Status

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Abstract

The discipline of ecology suffers from a lack of knowledge of non-climatic factors (for example, plant–soil, plant–plant and plant–insect interactions) to predict tree species range shifts under climate change. The next generation of simulation models of forest response to climate change must build upon local observations of species interactions and growth along climatic gradients. We examined whether sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings were disadvantaged with respect to soil nutrient uptake under coniferous canopies, as this species would need to migrate northward into conifer-dominated forests in response to climate change. An experimental design was applied to 3 sites, forming the largest possible latitudinal/climatic gradient for sugar maple in Quebec (Canada) and isolating the effect of conifer presence on its seedling’s nutritional status. We tested whether: (1) both soil and climate and (2) presence of conifers affected foliar nutrient levels of sugar maple seedlings. Climate and soil (through pH) strongly affected nutrient availability for sugar maple seedlings and predicted 63.7% of their foliar nutrient variability. When controlling for site effects, we found a significant negative effect of conifers on foliar Ca and Mg levels of maple seedlings, which can adversely affect their overall health and vigour. When considering projected modifications of the forest environment due to climate change, we suggest that northward migration of sugar maple will be negatively affected by the presence of conifers through reduced foliar nutrition.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support was provided through NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) Discovery grants (RGPIN 312369-2010 & 2015-03699) to N.B. We thank Jacinthe Ricard-Piché, Julien Mourali and Florence Bélanger for their help in the field and laboratory. We are also grateful to Marie-Claude Turmel and Dominic Bélanger for laboratory analysis, Mélanie Desrochers for preparing Figure 1 and William F. J. Parsons for careful language editing. Finally, we thank Domtar Forest Products, the Station de biologie des Laurentides of Université de Montréal, and MFFPQ (Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs) of the Quebec Government for providing access to the research sites in Windsor, St. Hippolyte and Lac Labelle, respectively.

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  1. Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Alexandre Collin, Christian Messier & Nicolas Bélanger

  2. Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 58 rue Principale, Ripon, Quebec, JOV 1V0, Canada

    Christian Messier

  3. Département science et technologie, Téluq, Université du Québec, 5800 rue Saint-Denis, bureau 1105, Montreal, Quebec, H2S 3L5, Canada

    Nicolas Bélanger

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  1. Alexandre Collin
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Correspondence to Nicolas Bélanger.

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A. C.: Designed study, performed research, analysed data and wrote the paper. C.M.: Conceived study and contributed new methods and models. N.B.: Conceived study, contributed new methods and models and wrote the paper.

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Collin, A., Messier, C. & Bélanger, N. Conifer Presence May Negatively Affect Sugar Maple’s Ability to Migrate into the Boreal Forest Through Reduced Foliar Nutritional Status. Ecosystems 20, 701–716 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-0045-4

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