Skip to main content
Log in

Subgroup Structure and Representations of Finite and Algebraic Groups

  • Published:
Vietnam Journal of Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

What can one say about maximal subgroups, or, more generally, the subgroup structure of simple, finite, or algebraic groups? In this survey, we will discuss how group representation theory helps us study this classical problem. These results have been applied to various problems, particularly in group theory, number theory, and algebraic geometry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aschbacher, M.: On the maximal subgroups of the finite classical groups. Invent. Math. 76, 469–514 (1984)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Aschbacher, M., Scott, L.: Maximal subgroups of finite groups. J. Algebra 92, 44–80 (1985)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Balaji, V., Kollár, J.: Holonomy groups and stable vector bundles. Publ. Math. RIMS 44, 183–211 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Bessenrodt, C., Kleshchev, A.S.: On Kronecker products of complex representations of the symmetric and alternating groups. Pac. J. Math. 190, 201–223 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Bessenrodt, C., Kleshchev, A.S.: On tensor products of modular representations of symmetric groups. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 32, 292–296 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Bessenrodt, C., Kleshchev, A.S.: Irreducible tensor products over alternating groups. J. Algebra 228, 536–550 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Brundan, J., Dipper, R., Kleshchev, A.S.: Quantum linear groups and representations of \(GL_{n}({\mathbb {F}}_{q})\). Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. 149 (706), viii+112 (2001)

  8. Brundan, J., Kleshchev, A.S.: Representations of the symmetric group which are irreducible over subgroups. J. Reine Angew. Math. 530, 145–190 (2001)

  9. Burness, T., Ghandour, S., Marion, C., Testerman, D.M.: Irreducible Almost Simple Subgroups of Classical Algebraic Groups. Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. 236 (1114), vi+122 (2014)

  10. Burness, T., Ghandour, S., Testerman, D.M.: Irreducible geometric subgroups of classical algebraic groups. Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. (to appear)

  11. Cheltsov, I., Shramov, C.: On exceptional quotient singularities. Geom. Topol. 15, 1843–1882 (2011)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Dipper, R., James, G.: Identification of the irreducible modular representations of GL n (q). J. Algebra 104, 266–288 (1986)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Dipper, R., James, G.: The q-Schur algebra. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 59, 23–50 (1989)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Dynkin, E.: The maximal subgroups of the classical groups. Am. Math. Soc. Trans. 6, 245–378 (1957)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Ford, B.: Overgroups of irreducible linear groups. I. J. Algebra 181, 26–69 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Ford, B.: Overgroups of irreducible linear groups. II. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 351, 3869–3913 (1999)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Galois, E.: Oeuvres Mathématique: lettre a M. Auguste Chevalier. J. Math. Pures Appl. (Liouville) 11 400–415 (1846)

  18. GAP group: GAP-groups, algorithms, and programming. Version 4.4 (2004). http://www.gap-system.org

  19. Gelfand, S.I.: Analytic representations of the full linear group over a finite field. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 182, 251–254. (1968); Engl. Trans.: Sov. Math. Dokl. 9, 1121–1125 (1968)

  20. Guralnick, R.M., Herzig, F., Taylor, R., Thorne, J.: Adequate subgroups. J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 11, 907–920 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Guralnick, R.M., Herzig, F., Tiep, P.H.: Adequate groups of low degree. Algebra Number Theory (to appear)

  22. Guralnick, R.M., Herzig, F., Tiep, P.H.: Adequate subgroups and indecomposable modules. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (to appear)

  23. Guralnick, R.M., Tiep, P.H.: Decompositions of small tensor powers and Larsen’s conjecture. Represent. Theory 9, 138–208 (2005)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Guralnick, R.M., Tiep, P.H.: Symmetric powers and a problem of Kollár and Larsen. Invent. Math. 174, 505–554 (2008)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Guralnick, R.M., Tiep, P.H.: A problem of Kollár and Larsen on finite linear groups and crepant resolutions. J. Eur. Math. Soc. 14, 605–657 (2012)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Himstedt, F., Hung, N.N., Tiep, P.H.: On the restriction of cross characteristic representations of 2 F 4(q) to proper subgroups. Arch. Math. 93, 415–423 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Hiss, G., Husen, W.J., Magaard, K.: Imprimitive irreducible modules for finite quasisimple groups. Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. (to appear)

  28. James, G., Mathas, A.: A q-analogue of the Jantzen–Schaper theorem. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 74, 241–274 (1997)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Katz, N.M.: Larsen’s alternative, moments, and the monodromy of Lefschetz pencils. In: Hida, H., Ramakrishnan, D., Shahidi, F. (eds.) Contributions to Automorphic Forms, Geometry, and Number Theory, pp 521–560. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London (2004)

  30. Katz, N.M.: Moments, Monodromy, and Perversity: a Diophantine Perspective. Annals of Math. Study. Princeton University Press (2005)

  31. Kleidman, P.B., Liebeck, M.W.: The Subgroup Structure of the Finite Classical Groups. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, Vol. 129. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)

  32. Kleidman, P.B., Wales, D.B.: The projective characters of the symmetric groups that remain irreducible on subgroups. J. Algebra 138, 440–478 (1991)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Kleshchev, A.S.: Branching rules for modular representations of symmetric groups. III. Some corollaries and a problem of Mullineux. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 54, 25–38 (1996)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Kleshchev, A.S., Sheth, J.K.: Representations of the symmetric group are reducible over simply transitive subgroups. Math. Z. 235, 99–109 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. Kleshchev, A.S., Sheth, J.K.: Representations of the alternating group which are irreducible over subgroups. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 84, 194–212 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  36. Kleshchev, A.S., Sin, P., Tiep, P.H.: Representations of the alternating group which are irreducible over subgroups. II. arXiv:1405.3324 (2014)

  37. Kleshchev, A.S., Tiep, P.H.: On restrictions of modular spin representations of symmetric and alternating groups. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 356, 1971–1999 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. Kleshchev, A.S., Tiep, P.H.: Representations of finite special linear groups in non-defining characteristic. Adv. Math. 220, 478–504 (2009)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  39. Kleshchev, A.S., Tiep, P.H.: Representations of the general linear groups which are irreducible over subgroups. Am. J. Math. 132, 425–473 (2010)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. Kleshchev, A.S., Tiep, P.H.: Small-dimensional projective representations of symmetric and alternating groups. Algebra Number Theory 6, 1773–1816 (2012)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. Kollár, J., Larsen, M.: Quotients of Calabi–Yau varieties. In: Tschinkel, Y., Zarhin, Y. (eds.) Algebra, Arithmetic, and Geometry: In Honor of Yu. I. Manin, vol. II, pp. 179–211. Progress in Mathematics, Vol. 270. Birkhäuser, Boston (2009)

  42. Liebeck, M.W., Praeger, C.E., Saxl, J.: A classification of the maximal subgroups of the finite alternating groups and symmetric groups. J. Algebra 111, 365–383 (1987)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. Liebeck, M.W., Seitz, G.M.: On finite subgroups of exceptional algebraic groups. J. Reine Angew. Math. 515, 25–72 (1999)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  44. Magaard, K., Malle, G.: Irreducibility of alternating and symmetric squares. Manuscr. Math. 95, 169–180 (1998)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. Magaard, K., Malle, G., Tiep, P.H.: Irreducibility of tensor squares, symmetric squares, and alternating squares. Pac. J. Math. 202, 379–427 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  46. Magaard, K., Röhrle, G., Testerman, D.M.: On the irreducibility of symmetrizations of cross-characteristic representations of finite classical groups. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, 1427–1446 (2013)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  47. Magaard, K., Tiep, P.H.: Irreducible tensor products of representations of finite quasi-simple groups of Lie type. In: Collins, M.J., Parshall, B.J., Scott, L.L. (eds.) Modular Representation Theory of Finite Groups, pp 239–262. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Magaard, K., Tiep, P.H.: Quasisimple subgroups of classes \({\mathcal {C}}_{6}\) and \({\mathcal {C}}_{7}\) of finite classical groups. (in preparation)

  49. Malle, G.: Almost irreducible tensor squares. Commun. Algebra 27, 1033–1051 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  50. Nguyen, H.N.: Irreducible restrictions of Brauer characters of the Chevalley group G 2(q) to its proper subgroups. J. Algebra 320, 1364–1390 (2008)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  51. Nguyen, H.N., Tiep, P.H.: Cross characteristic representations of 3 D 4(q) are reducible over proper subgroups. With an appendix by Frank Himstedt. J. Group Theory 11, 657–668 (2008)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  52. Reid, M.: Canonical 3-folds. Algebraic Geom. Angers, 1979, pp. 273–310. Sijthoff & Noordhoff, Alphen aan den Rijn–Germantown, Md. (1980)

  53. Reid, M.: La correspondance de McKay, Séminaire Bourbaki, Vol. 1999/2000. Astérisque 276, 53–72 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Saxl, J.: The complex characters of the symmetric groups that remain irreducible in subgroups. J. Algebra 111, 210–219 (1987)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  55. Schaeffer Fry, A.A.: Cross-characteristic representations of Sp 6(2a) and their restrictions to proper subgroups. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, 1563–1582 (2013)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  56. Seitz, G.M.: The Maximal Subgroups of Classical Algebraic Groups. Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. 67 (365), iv+286 (1987)

  57. Seitz, G.M.: Cross-characteristic embeddings of finite groups of Lie type. Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 60, 166–200 (1990)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  58. Shephard, G.C., Todd, J.A.: Finite unitary reflection groups. Can. J. Math. 6, 274–304 (1954)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  59. Taylor, R., Wiles, A.: Ring-theoretic properties of certain Hecke algebras. Ann. Math. 141, 553–572 (1995)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  60. Testerman, D.: Irreducible Subgroups of Exceptional Algebraic Groups. Memoirs Am. Math. Soc. 75 (390) (1988)

  61. Thompson, J.G.: Invariants of finite groups. J. Algebra 69, 143–145 (1981)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  62. Thorne, J.: On the automorphy of l-adic Galois representations with small residual image. With an appendix by Robert Guralnick. Florian Herzig, Richard Taylor and Jack Thorne. J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 11, 855–920 (2012)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  63. Tian, G.: On Kähler-Einstein metrics on certain Kähler manifolds with C 1(M)>0. Invent. Math. 89, 225–246 (1987)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  64. Tiep, P.H.: Representations of finite groups: conjectures, reductions, and applications. Acta Math. Vietnam. 39, 87–109 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This survey is based in part on the plenary address given by the author at the Eighth Congress of Vietnamese Mathematicians (Nha Trang, Vietnam, August 10–14, 2013), as well as the lectures given by the author at the Vietnam Institute of Advanced Study in Mathematics (July 2013) and the University of Southern California (March 2014). It is a pleasure to thank the National Science Foundation, the Vietnam Institute of Advanced Study in Mathematics, and the University of Southern California for partial support.

The author is grateful to the referee for careful reading and helpful comments on the paper.

The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the NSF (grant DMS-1201374) and the Simons Foundation Fellowship 305247.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pham Huu Tiep.

Additional information

This author was Plenary speaker at the Vietnam Congress of Mathematicians 2013.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tiep, P.H. Subgroup Structure and Representations of Finite and Algebraic Groups. Vietnam J. Math. 43, 501–513 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10013-015-0127-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10013-015-0127-1

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification (2010)

Navigation