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Degradation of paracetamol in a bubble column reactor with ozone generated in electrolyte-free water using a solid polymer electrolyte filter-press electrochemical reactor

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Abstract

A porous anode composed of β-PbO2 was electrochemically deposited onto a carbon cloth substrate (e.g., CC/β-PbO2) aiming for the electrochemical ozone production (EOP) in electrolyte-free water using a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) filter-press reactor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the presence of a three-dimensional oxide structure necessary to obtain a fluid-permeable anode. X-ray analysis showed the predominance of the β-PbO2 phase. The maximum current efficiency for the EOP was 9.5% with an ozone production rate of 1.40 g h−1. Using a constant ozone production rate of 0.5 g h−1, the oxidative degradation of paracetamol (PCT) dissolved in water was accomplished as a function of the PCT concentration (20, 30, and 50 mg L−1) and the pH (acid, natural (without adjustment), and alkaline). The UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis showed that the degradation process is more pronounced in alkaline media with a strong reduction in the electrical energy per order (E EO). A reduction of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of up to 80% was observed. A linear correlation between data referring to COD and HPLC measurements with the UV absorbance measured at 243 nm (UV243) was verified indicating that these different techniques can be complementary to each other. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the ozonation by-products revealed that the oxidation of PCT occurred through the rupture of the aromatic ring. The major part of phenol’s ring was oxidized to CO3 2− while no reaction occurs in the acetamide group of paracetamol during the ozonation reaction.

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Funding

L.M. Da Silva wishes to thank the “Fundação ao Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais—FAPEMIG” (Projects CEX-APQ-1181-14 and CEX-112-10), “Secretaria de Estado de Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior de Minas Gerais - SECTES/MG” (Support for the LMMA Laboratory), and “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq” (PQ-2 grant). This work is a collaborative research project of members of the “Rede Mineira de Química” (RQ-MG) supported by FAPEMIG (Project: CEX - RED-00010-14).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil

    Lindomar G. De Sousa, José Geraldo M. C. Júnior, Rodrigo M. Verly & Leonardo M. Da Silva

  2. Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, km 583,5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil

    Manoel J. M. Pires & Débora V. Franco

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  1. Lindomar G. De Sousa
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  2. José Geraldo M. C. Júnior
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  3. Rodrigo M. Verly
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Correspondence to Leonardo M. Da Silva.

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De Sousa, L.G., Júnior, J.G.M.C., Verly, R.M. et al. Degradation of paracetamol in a bubble column reactor with ozone generated in electrolyte-free water using a solid polymer electrolyte filter-press electrochemical reactor. J Solid State Electrochem 22, 1349–1363 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3812-z

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