Abstract
This review gives brief information of experimental conditions employed by different researchers for deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films. For the films synthesized at room temperature, films should be annealed and etched to increase the solar cell efficiency. A photoelectrochemical study revealed that values of fill factor and efficiency of CdSe thin films deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass substrates exhibited maximum value compared to the film deposited on titanium and stainless steel substrates. This review will be helpful to researchers entering in field to understand basics about the electrodeposition of CdSe and its development towards next-generation photovoltaics.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10008-017-3552-0/MediaObjects/10008_2017_3552_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10008-017-3552-0/MediaObjects/10008_2017_3552_Fig2_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baban C, Rusu GI (2003) On the structural and optical characteristics of CdSe thin films. App Sur Sci 211:6–12
Christopher M, Ding Y, Moore D, Wang X, Wang ZL (2004) Single-crystal CdSe nanosaws. J Am Chem Soc 126:708–709
Teh LK, Furin V, Martucci A, Guglielmi WCC, Romanato F (2007) Electrodeposition of CdSe on nanopatterned pillar arrays for photonic and photovoltaic applications. Thin Solid Films 515:5787–5791
Cadmium selenide. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_selenide
Pandey RK, Sahu SN, Chandra S (1996) Handbook of semiconductor electrodeposition. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
Yeo SH, Teh LK, Wong CC (2006) Fabrication & characterization of macro porous CdSe nanostructure via colloidal crystal templating with electrodeposition method. J Porous Mater 13:281–285
Boudreau RA, Rauh RD (1982) Influence of deposition rate on the character of electrodeposited CdSe used for photo electrochemical cells. Solar Energy Materials 7:385–391
Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2001) Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications. Wiley & Sons
Hamann CH, Hamnett A, Vielstich W (1998) Electrochemistry 2nd completely revised and updated edition. Wiley-Vch
Brenner A (1963) Electrodeposition of alloys principle and practice volume I and II. Academic Press, New York
Glasstone S (1942) An introduction to electrochemistry. Affiliated East West Press Private, Limited
Chandra S, Singh DP, Sadu SN (1985) A theoretical model of a photo electrochemical solar cell. Solid State Commun 51:829–832
Saragi SN, Sahu SN (2004) CdSe nanocrystalline thin films: composition, structure and optical properties. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 23:159–167
Colvin VL, Schlamp MC, Alivisato AP (1994) Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer. Nature 370:354–357
Kutzmutz S, Lang G, Heusler KE (2001) The electrodeposition of CdSe from alkaline electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 47:955–965
Pawar SM, Moholkar AV, Rajpure KY, Bhosale CH (2008) Photoelectrochemical investigations on electrochemically deposited CdSe and Fe-doped CdSe thin films. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 92:45–49
Riveros G, Vasquez J, Gomez H, Makarova T, Silva D, Marotti RE, Dalchiele EA (2008) Single-step electrodeposition of polycrystalline CdSe microwire arrays: structural and optical properties. App Phys A 90:423–430
Koh JL, Teh LK, Romanato F, Wong CC (2007) Temperature dependence of electrochemical deposition of CdSe. J Electrochem Soc 154:300–303
Gudage YG, Deshpande NG, Sagade AA, Sharma RP, Pawar SM, Bhosale CH (2007) Photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies on CdSe thin films electrodeposited from non-aqueous bath on different substrates. Bull Mater Sci 30:321–327
Pawar SM, Moholkar AV, Rajpure KY, Bhosale CH (2007) Electrosynthesis and characterization of Fe doped CdSe thin films from ethylene glycol bath. Appl Surf Sci 253:7313–7317
Rashwan SM, Abd El Wahab SM, Mohamed MM (2007) Electrodeposition and characterization of CdSe semiconductor thin films. J Mater Sci Mater Elect 18:575–585
The LK, Furin V, Martucci A, Guglielmi M, Wong CC, Romanato F (2007) Electrodeposition of CdSe on nanopatterned pillar arrays for photonic and photovoltaic applications. Thin Solid Films 515:5787–5791
Min SK, Joo OS, Mane RS, Jung KD, Lokhande CD, Han SH (2007) CdSe nanofiber based photoelectrochemical cells: influence of annealing temperatures. J Photochem Photobio A: Chem 187:133–137
Pawar SM, Moholkar AV, Bhosale CH (2007) Influence of pH on electrochemically deposited CdSe thin films. Mater Lett 61:1034–1038
Datta J, Bhattacharya C, Bandyopadhyay S (2006) Cathodic deposition of CdSe films from dimethyl formamide solution at optimized temperature. Appl Surf Sci 253:2289–2295
Li Q, Brown MA, Hemminger JC, Penner RM (2006) Luminescent polycrystalline cadmium selenide nanowires synthesized by cyclic electrodeposition/stripping coupled with step edge decoration. Chem Mater 18:3432–3441
Kokate AV, Suryavanshi UB, Bhosale CH (2006) Structural, compositional, and optical properties of electrochemically deposited stoichiometric CdSe thin films from non-aqueous bath. Sol Energy 80:156–160
Min SK, Joo OS, Jung KD, Mane RS, Han SH (2006) Tubular end-capped electrodeposited CdSe nanofibers: enhanced photochemistry. Electrochem Commun 8:223–226
Murli KR, Elango P, Gopalkrishnan P (2006) Structural and optical properties of CdSe films brush plated on low temperature substrates. Mater Chem Phys 96:103–106
Chaure S, Chaure NB, Pande RK (2005) Self assembled nanocrystalline CdSe thin films. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 28:439–446
Hodes G, Grunbaum E, Feldman Y, Bastide S, Claude LC (2005) Variable optical properties and effective porosity of CdSe nanocrystalline films electrodeposited from selenosulfate solutions. J Electrochem Soc 152:G917–G923
Saaminathan V, Murali KR (2005) Importance of pulse reversal effect of CdSe thin films for optoelectronic devices. J Cryst Growth 279:229–240
Shen CM, Zhang XG, Li HL (2005) Influence of different deposition potentials on morphology and structure of CdSe films. Appl Surf Sci 240:34–41
Bhattacharya C, Datta J (2005) Studies on anodic corrosion of the electroplated CdSe in aqueous and non-aqueous media for photoelectrochemical cells and characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Mater Chem Phys 89:170–175
Loglio F, Innocenti M, d’Acapito F, Felici Pezzatini RG, Salvietti E, Foresti ML (2005) Cadmium selenide electrodeposited by ECALE: electrochemical characterization and preliminary results by EXAFSJ. J Electroanal Chem 575:161–167
Mathe MK, Cox SM, Flowers BH, Vaidyanathan R, Pham L, Srisook N, Happek U, Stickney JL (2004) Deposition of CdSe by EC-ALE. J Crystal Growth 271:55–64
Sarangi SN, Sahu SN (2004) CdSe nanocrystalline thin films: composition, structure and optical properties. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 23:159–167
Murali KR, Saaminathan V, Trivedi DC (2004) Characteristics of nanocrystalline CdSe film. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 81:113–118
Ruach NI, Zhang Y, Popovitz BR, Rubinstein I, Hodes G (2003) Shape control in electrodeposited, epitaxial CdSe nanocrystals on (111) gold. J Phys Chem B 107:2174–2179
Nir IR, Zhang Y, Biro RP, Rubinstein I, Hodes G (2003) Structural effects in the electrodeposition of CdSe quantum dots on mechanically strained gold. Adv Funct Mater 13:159–164
Xu D, Guo G, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Gui L (2003) Nanocrystal size control by bath temperature in electrodeposited CdSe thin films. J Mater Chem 13:360–364
Islam MA, Herman IP (2002) Electrodeposition of patterned CdSe nanocrystal films using thermally charged nanocrystals. Appl Phys Lett 80:3823–3825
Martirosyan S (2001) Streamlining CdSe/CdS PEC characteristics using Cd metal substrate. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 70:115–119
Etcheberry A, Cachet H, Cortes R, Froment M (2001) Electrodeposition of CdSe on GaAs and InP substrates. Surf Sci 482-485:954–959
Divliansky IB, Shishido A, Khoo IC, Pena D, Nishimura S, Keating CD, Mallouk TE (2001) Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals using interference lithography and electrodeposition of CdSe. Appl Phys Lett 79:3392–3394
Shirage PM, Shivagan DD, Ekal LA, Desai NV, Mane SB, Pawar SH (2001) Fabrication of Ag/Tl–Ba–Ca–CuO/CdSe nanostructure by electro-deposition technique. Appl Surf Sci 182:403–406
Peng KS, Zhang J, Wang XF, Wang YW, Zhao LX, Meng GW, Zhang LD (2001) Synthesis of highly ordered CdSe nanowire arrays embedded in anodic alumina membrane by electrodeposition in ammonia alkaline solution. Chem Phys Lett 343:470–474
Shen CM, Zhang XG, Li HL (2001) Effect of pH on the electrochemical deposition of cadmium selenide nanocrystal films. Mater Sci Engg B 84:265–270
Beaunier L, Cachet H, Cortes R, Froment M, Etcheberry A (2001) Heteroepitaxy of electrodeposited CdSe on (100) InP and GaAs single crystals. Thin Solid Films 387:108–110
Shen CM, Zhang XG, Li HL (2001) DC electrochemical deposition of CdSe nanorods array using porous anodic aluminum oxide template. Mater Sci Engg A 303:19–23
Lade SJ, Uplane MD, Lokhande CD (2001) Photoelectrochemical properties of CdX (X=S, Se, Te) films electrodeposited from aqueous and non-aqueous baths. Mater Chem Phys 68:36–41
Bouroushian M, Charoud GJ, Loizos Z, Spyrellis N, Maurin G (2001) Structure and properties of CdSe and CdSexTe1–x electrolytic deposits on Ni and Ti cathodes: influence of the acidic bath pH. Thin Solid Films 381:39–47
Bouroushian M, Charoud GJ, Loizos Z, Spyrellis N (2000) A phase modification of CdSe electrodeposits induced by substrate roughness. J Mater Sci Lett 19:2201–2203
Xu D, Shi X, Guo G, Gui L, Tang Y (2000) Electrochemical preparation of CdSe nanowire arrays. J Phys Chem B 104:5061–5063
Beaunier L, Cachet H, Froment M, Maurin G (2000) Nucleation and growth of epitaxial cadmium selenide electrodeposited on InP and GaAs single crystals. J Electrochem Soc 147:1835–1839
Cachet H, Cortes R, Froment M, Etcheberry A (2000) Electrodeposition of epitaxial CdSe on (111) gallium arsenide. Thin Solid Films 361:84–87
Bouroushian M, Loizos Z, Spyrellis N (2000) Electrocrystallization of CdSe upon various substrates. Structural arrangement and photoelectrochemical performance. Appl Surf Sci 156:125–134
Saaminathan V, Subramanian V, Murali KR (2000) Characteristics of CdSe films electrodeposited with microprocessor based pulse plating unit. Thin Solid Films 359:113–117
Pandey RK, Mishra S, Tiwari S, Sahu P, Chandra BP (2000) Comparative study of performance of CdTe, CdSe and CdS thin films-based photoelectrochemical solar cells. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 60:59–72
Myung N, Jong HJ, Hyun BJ, Chung HK, Rajeshwar K (1999) Application of combined flow injection–electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry to on-line electrodeposition and compositional analysis of CdSe thin films. Microchem J 62:15–25
Mastai Y, Polsky R, Koltypin YU, Gedanken A, Hodes G (1999) Pulsed sonoelectrochemical synthesis of cadmium selenide nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 121:10047–10052
Alperson B, Rubinstein I, Hodes G, Porath D, Millo O (1999) Energy level tunneling spectroscopy and single electron charging in individual CdSe quantum dots. Appl Phys Lett 75:1751–1753
Alperson B, Demange H, Rubinstein I, Hodes G (1999) Photoelectrochemical charge transfer properties of electrodeposited CdSe quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 103:4943–4948
Zou S, Weaver MJ (1999) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of ultrathin cadmium chalcogenide films on gold formed by electrochemical atomic-layer epitaxy: thickness-dependent phonon characteristics. J Phys Chem B 103:2323–2326
Myung N, de Tacconi NR, Rajeshwar K (1999) Electrosynthesis of cadmium selenide films on a selenium-modified gold surface. Electrochem Commun 1:42–45
Bouroushian M, Loizos Z, Spyrellis N, Maurin G (1997) Hexagonal cadmium chalcogenide thin films prepared by electrodeposition from near-boiling aqueous solutions. Appl Surf Sci 115:103–110
Lister TE, Stickney JL (1996) Formation of the first monolayer of CdSe on Au(111) by electrochemical ALE. Appl Surf Sci 107:153–160
Eriksson S, Gruszecki T, Carlsson P, Holmstrom B (1995) Electrochemically deposited polycrystalline n-CdSe thin films studied with laterally resolved photoelectrochemistry and SEM. Thin Solid Films 269:14–17
Yuval G, Margulis L, Israel R, Hodes G (1992) Epitaxial electrodeposition of cadmium selenide nanocrystals on gold. Langmuir 8:749–752
Kressin AM, Doan VV, Klein JD, Sailor MJ (1991) Synthesis of stoichiometric cadmium selenide films via sequential monolayer electrodeposition. Chem Mater 3:1015–1020
Loizos Z, Spyrellis N, Maurin G (1991) Electrochemical synthesis of semiconducting CdSe thin flims. Thin Solid Films 204:139–149
Pandey RK, Kumar SR, Rooz AJN, Chandra S (1991) Photoelectrochemical and solar cell studies of n-CdSe films grown by repeated electrodeposition cycles. Thin Solid Films 200:1–9
Fantini MCA, Moro JR, Decker F (1988) Electrodeposition of CdSe films on SnO2:F coated glass. Sol Energy Mater 17:247–255
Fracastoro-Decker M, Ferreira JLS, Gomes NV, Decker F (1987) Optically monitored electrodeposition of thin CdSe films. Thin Solid Films 147:291–297
Cocivera M, Sears WM, Roy Morrison S (1987) Photocapacitance spectroscopy of thin film cadmium selenide electrodes. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 216:41–52
Maria SK (1983) Electrodeposition of CdSe and CdSe + CdTe thin films from cyanide solutions. J Electroanal Chem Interfacial Electrochem 148:233–239
Boudrea RA, Rauh RD (1982) Influence of deposition rate on the character of electrodeposited CdSe used for photoelectrochemical cells. Sol Energy Mater 7:385–391
Acknowledgements
HMP is thankful to the Departmental Research Development Program (DRDP), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 07, for partial financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shaikh, A.V., Mane, R.S., Joo, OS. et al. Electrochemical deposition of cadmium selenide films and their properties: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 21, 2517–2530 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3552-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3552-0