Abstract
Nanospherical LiFePO4 particle with a uniform carbon coating layer (core-shell structure expressed as LiFePO4/C) in the presence of both low-cost FeOOH as iron resource and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween 40) as surfactant is synthesized via a solid–liquid reaction milling method consisting of high-energy milling and pyrolysis steps. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used for structure, morphology, and composition characterization. Both XRD and FTIR results confirm the existence of interactions between surfactant molecules and precursor, which can benefit the formation of the core-shell structure with an average particle size of about 200 nm and a high tap density of 1.7 g cm−3. The electrochemical properties of as-prepared LiFePO4/C as cathode material are investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge–discharge, and cycling tests. The results show that the LiFePO4/C can achieve high discharge capacities of 163.6 and 131.3 mAh g−1 under 0.1 °C at room temperature (25 °C) and sub-zero temperature (−20 °C), respectively, due to its improved conductivity. In addition, the material also shows an excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 98.8 % (0.1 °C) after 120 cycles at 25 °C and 102.9 mAh g−1 at the ends of the 200th cycle corresponding to a fading of 0.01 % per cycle.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (21063003, 51064004 and 51364004), Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2011GXNSFA018016), Guangxi Experiment Center of Science and Technology (LGZXKF201105), and Program for Excellent Talents in Guangxi Higher Education Institutions.
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Wang, HQ., Zhang, XH., Zheng, FH. et al. Surfactant effect on synthesis of core-shell LiFePO4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 187–194 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2598-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2598-5