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Lithium chloride stimulates bone formation in extraction socket repair in rats

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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Previous evidence shows that lithium chloride (LiCl), a suppressor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), may enhance bone formation in several medical and dental conditions. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of LiCl on extraction socket repair in rats.

Methods

Thirty rats were randomly assigned into a control group (administration of water; n = 15) or a LiCl group (administration of 150 mg/kg of LiCl; n = 15). LiCl and water were given every other day, starting at 7 days before the extraction of upper first molars until the end of each experiment period. Histological sections from five rats per group were obtained at 10, 20, and 30 days post-extractions. Histometrical analysis of newly formed bone (NB) and the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-stained cells were evaluated at 10, 20, and 30 days post-extractions. Immunohistochemical staining for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) was assessed at 10 days post-extractions.

Results

The LiCl group had a greater proportion of NB than the control group at 20 days (P < 0.05). At 30 days, the rate of TRAP-stained cells was lower in the LiCl group than in the control group (P < 0.05). At 10 days, the LiCl group presented stronger staining for OPG, BSP, OPN, and OCN, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Systemic LiCl enhanced extraction socket repair, stimulated an overall increase in bone formation markers, and restricted the levels of TRAP in rats.

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Acknowledgements

This study protocol was approved by The University of Guarulhos Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil

    Poliana Mendes Duarte, Tamires Szeremeske Miranda, Letícia Macedo Marins & Fernando de Souza Malta

  2. Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Room D10-6, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA

    Poliana Mendes Duarte

  3. Department of Periodontology, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Tamires Szeremeske Miranda

  4. Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic, Área de Imunologia, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    João Ricardo Batistão da Silva & Marcelo Henrique Napimoga

  5. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil

    Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel

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  1. Poliana Mendes Duarte
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  2. Tamires Szeremeske Miranda
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by PMD, TSM, LMM, JRBdaS, FdeSM, BCdeVG, and MHN. The first draft of the manuscript was written by PMD and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Poliana Mendes Duarte.

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Ethics approval

The study was approved by the Guarulhos University Institutional Committee for Animal Care and Use (Guarulhos, SP, Brazil) (# 028/16) and respected the “NC3Rs ARRIVE Guidelines, Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments.”

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Duarte, P.M., Miranda, T.S., Marins, L.M. et al. Lithium chloride stimulates bone formation in extraction socket repair in rats. Oral Maxillofac Surg 28, 169–177 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-022-01124-4

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