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Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells from subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

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Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on oxidative stress (OS) and genotoxicity from oral epithelial cells.

Materials and methods

Samples of oral epithelial cells were obtained from fifty-one healthy voluntary subjects who had an indication for orthodontic treatment. The samples were obtained before treatment and after 6 and 9 months of treatment. OS was evaluated by quantitating 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and by performing relative gene expression with antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). DNA degradation and instability were evaluated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment analysis for human identification.

Results

The quantitation results showed that 8-OHdG increased during treatment, although this increase was not statistically significant. SOD increased by 2.5- and 2.6-fold after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively. CAT increased by threefold after 6 months of treatment, while after 9 months of treatment, the expression level decreased to a level similar to that before treatment. DNA degradation was found in 8% and 12% of DNA samples after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively, while DNA instability was detected in only 2% and 8% of DNA samples after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively.

Conclusions

The results showed that OS and genotoxicity slightly changed after treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance; in addition, a biological adaptation response to the treatment may occur after 6 months.

Clinical relevance

OS and genotoxicity in the buccal cavity are risk factors for oral and systemic diseases. This risk may be reduced through antioxidant supplementation, by using thermoplastic materials, or by reducing the orthodontic treatment time.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Instituto Politécnico Nacional reseach was funded by SIP project: 20220310.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Especialidades Odontológicas, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, México City, Estado de México, México

    Lucía Angeles-Estrada

  2. Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México

    Elvia Pérez-Soto

  3. Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México

    Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma

  4. Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de san Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP11340, México

    Modesto Gómez-López & Virginia Sánchez-Monroy

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  1. Lucía Angeles-Estrada
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  2. Elvia Pérez-Soto
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  3. Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
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  4. Modesto Gómez-López
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  5. Virginia Sánchez-Monroy
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Contributions

LAE performed the research and analyzed and interpreted the data; EPS performed ELISAs and analyzed and interpreted the data; NMPV analyzed and interpreted the data; MGP analyzed and interpreted the data; and VSM designed the project, analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Virginia Sánchez-Monroy.

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All study participants or their legal representatives were informed about the objectives of the research and signed an informed consent form.

The Institutional Ethical Committee of the “Clínica de Especialidades Odontológicas” of the National Defense Ministry approved the protocol, informed consent, and diffusion of results (approval number 19CI09016025).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Angeles-Estrada, L., Pérez-Soto, E., Pérez-Vielma, N.M. et al. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells from subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Clin Oral Invest 27, 4225–4231 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05039-6

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