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Comparative chemical properties, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of resin-modified calcium silicate–based pulp capping materials on human dental pulp stem cells

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Abstract 

Objectives

This study investigated the cytotoxicity, the residual monomer release, degree of conversion (DC), calcium ion (Ca2+) release, and crystal structure of TheraCal PT (ThPT) by comparison with TheraCal LC (ThLC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Materials and methods

The cytotoxicity of the cured materials was evaluated on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) isolated from third molars by the water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) method. The monomer release and DC of the resin-containing materials were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), respectively. The chemical composition and Ca2+ release of the materials were determined by scanning electronic microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. Statistical differences were evaluated with one-way ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA, and the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Results

MTA showed significantly lower cytotoxicity than either ThLC or ThPT after 1, 3, and 7 days (p < 0.05). TEGDMA release of ThPT is significantly higher than ThLC (p < 0.05). All materials showed calcium Ca2+ release, with MTA significantly higher than the others (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

MTA showed low cytotoxicity and high Ca2+ release compared to ThLC and ThPT.

Clinical relevance.

The cytotoxicity and residual monomer release of ThLC and ThPT may raise concerns about the viability of hDPSCs. Further investigations with the use of in vivo research models are required to validate in vitro bioactivity properties and the potential adverse biological effects of ThLC and ThPT on hDPSCs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ahmet Öztürk and Kocaeli University, Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research, and Application Center (KÖGEM) for the support of this study.

Funding

This research was supported by the Scientific Research Projects of Cukurova University (project number TSA-2022–14441).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, 01380, Turkey

    Cihan Küden

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, 01380, Turkey

    Seda Nur Karakaş & Sevde Gül Batmaz

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  1. Cihan Küden
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Contributions

Conceptualization: C.K, S.N.K., and S.G.B.; methodology: C.K, S.N.K., and S.G.B.; formal analysis and investigation: S.N.K. and S.G.B.; writing—original draft preparation: C.K, S.N.K., and S.G.B.; writing—review and editing: S.N.K. and C.K.; funding acquisition: S.N.K.; resources: C.K, S.N.K., and S.G.B; supervision: S.N.K. and C.K.

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Correspondence to Cihan Küden.

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All methods performed in the present study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later modifications or comparable ethical standards. The present study and the protocol were found medically appropriate with the ethics committee report numbered 2021/117.65 of Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee.

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Küden, C., Karakaş, S.N. & Batmaz, S.G. Comparative chemical properties, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of resin-modified calcium silicate–based pulp capping materials on human dental pulp stem cells. Clin Oral Invest 26, 6839–6853 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04713-5

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