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Application of deep machine learning for the radiographic diagnosis of periodontitis

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Abstract

Objective

Successful application of deep machine learning could reduce time-consuming and labor-intensive clinical work of calculating the amount of radiographic bone loss (RBL) in diagnosing and treatment planning for periodontitis. This study aimed to test the accuracy of RBL classification by machine learning.

Materials and methods

A total of 236 patients with standardized full mouth radiographs were included. Each tooth from the periapical films was evaluated by three calibrated periodontists for categorization of RBL and radiographic defect morphology. Each image was pre-processed and augmented to ensure proper data balancing without data pollution, then a novel multitasking InceptionV3 model was applied.

Results

The model demonstrated an average accuracy of 0.87 ± 0.01 in the categorization of mild (< 15%) or severe (≥ 15%) bone loss with fivefold cross-validation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values of the model were 0.86 ± 0.03, 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.88 ± 0.03, and 0.86 ± 0.02, respectively.

Conclusions

Application of deep machine learning for the detection of alveolar bone loss yielded promising results in this study. Additional data would be beneficial to enhance model construction and enable better machine learning performance for clinical implementation.

Clinical relevance

Higher accuracy of radiographic bone loss classification by machine learning can be achieved with more clinical data and proper model construction for valuable clinical application.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the supports from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry and the Taiwan National Yangming Chiaotung University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA

    Jennifer Chang, Nikola Angelov, Hsiu-Wan Meng, Sally Sheng, Kearny Chang, Bing-Yan Wang & Srinivas Ayilavarapu

  2. Institute of Computational Intelligence, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ming-Feng Chang, Chih-Yu Hsu, Yun-Ru He & Yi-Bing Lin

  3. Department of Computer Science, National Yangming Chiaotung University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ming-Feng Chang & Yi-Bing Lin

  4. Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA

    Aaron Glick

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  1. Jennifer Chang
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Contributions

All authors have made substantial contributions to the study. JC, MFC, NA, AG, YBL, BYW, and SA contributed to the design of the study. JC, HWM, SS, and KC have been involved in clinical data collection. MFC, CYH, and YRH dedicated to convolutional neural networks construction and application. JC and MFC worked on data interpretation and manuscript preparation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer Chang.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Committee for Protection of Human Subjects of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (HSC-DB-19-0994).

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Not applicable.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Chang, J., Chang, MF., Angelov, N. et al. Application of deep machine learning for the radiographic diagnosis of periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 26, 6629–6637 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04617-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04617-4

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