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Expanding the applications of photodynamic therapy—tooth bleaching

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Abstract

Objectives

The current tooth bleaching materials are associated with adverse effect. Photodynamic method based on a novel photosensitizer alone, without combining with peroxides, is evaluated for tooth bleaching application.

Materials and methods

Teeth samples were randomly divided into 3 groups with different treatment schemes, including negative control group (group A, physiological saline), experimental group (group B, ZnPc(Lys)5), and the positive control group (group C, hydrogen peroxide). Tooth color, surface microhardness, and roughness were determined at baseline, right after the first and second phase of bleaching, as well as 1 week and 1 month post-bleaching. Four samples in each group was randomly selected to evaluate the changes in surface morphology using the scanning electron microscope.

Results

The color change values (ΔE) in group B (7.10 ± 1.03) and C (12.22 ± 2.35) were significantly higher than that in group A (0.93 ± 0.30, P < 0.05). Additionally, surface microhardness and roughness were significantly affected in group C, but not in the group A and B. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope images showed no adverse effect of enamel in the group A and B while the group C demonstrated corrosive changes.

Conclusions

ZnPc(Lys)5 had a satisfactory bleaching effect and is promising to be a new type of tooth bleaching agent.

Clinical relevance

The current tooth bleaching materials give a satisfactory clinical outcome and long-term stability, but associated with some adverse reactions. Photosenstizer ZnPc(Lys)5 eliminated the main side effects observed in hydrogen peroxide-based agents on the enamel, and also had a satisfactory bleaching effect and provide a novel selective bleaching scheme for clinical use.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, China, and the authors are grateful to Professor Hao Yu for technical support. Our research work is financially supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFE0103200), Natural Science Foundation of China (31670739, 22077016, 82070142), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2018J01823, 2018J01897, 2018J01729), and Science and Technology Program of Fuzhou (2018-S-106).

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  1. Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yangqiao Zhong Road, Fujian, 350000, China

    Zhengquan Li & Minkui Lin

  2. Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China

    Zhouyan Wu & Minkui Lin

  3. Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, 350000, China

    Jie Wang

  4. College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China

    Mingdong Huang

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  1. Zhengquan Li
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Li, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, J. et al. Expanding the applications of photodynamic therapy—tooth bleaching. Clin Oral Invest 26, 2175–2186 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04199-7

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