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Prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia and association with variations in the sinonasal complex: a cone beam CT study

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Abstract

Objective

Understanding of maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) and associated sinonasal variants is paramount to the diagnostic and therapeutic success of maxillary sinus and maxillary dental implant surgery. The purpose of this work was to explore the prevalence of MSH, frequency of mucosal thickening, and anatomical variations in the sinonasal complex.

Methods

Retrospective case-control design based on cone beam CT images of dental patients with MSH and matched for age and gender. MSH type and sinonasal variables were recorded.

Results

One thousand three hundred seventy cone beam CT scans were analyzed for MSH. MSH prevalence was 6% (n=82), matched with 82 controls= 100 females and 64 males, mean age 37.1±14.1 years. Most MSH were type I, 69.5%, 80.5% unilateral, 65.9% associated with no or mild mucosal thickening. Associated sinonasal anatomical variations were <27% except for deviated/hyperplastic (DH) meatus, 48.8%. Within the MSH group, significant associations were presented between MSH type, mucosal thickening, and DH nasal meatus. MSH group vs controls showed a significant difference in mucosal thickening (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.0–17.3) and DH meatus (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–2.1).

Conclusions

A hypoplastic maxillary sinus with abnormal or absent uncinate process is associated with advanced mucosal thickening and may present with altered anatomy of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity causing its approximation to the orbital floor.

Clinical relevance

Pre-surgical knowledge of altered anatomy in the sinonasal complex is crucial in dental implant or sinus surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Noura Alsufyani

  2. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Noura Alsufyani & Paul Major

  3. Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Hamdy El-Hakim

  4. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Hamdy El-Hakim

Authors
  1. Noura Alsufyani
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  2. Hamdy El-Hakim
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  3. Paul Major
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noura Alsufyani.

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Ethics approval

Ethical approval for this project was granted by Health Research Ethics Board, Health Panel, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. “All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.”

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Alsufyani, N., El-Hakim, H. & Major, P. Prevalence of maxillary sinus hypoplasia and association with variations in the sinonasal complex: a cone beam CT study. Clin Oral Invest 25, 5463–5471 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03854-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03854-3

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