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Restorative CAD/CAM materials in dentistry: analysis of their fluorescence properties and the applicability of the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT)

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Abstract

Objectives

This study investigated the fluorescence properties of the most commonly used fluorescent CAD/CAM materials for monolithic dental restorations and their suitability to perform the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT).

Materials and methods

A total of 175 different color shades (n = 1) from 13 CAD/CAM material brands were analyzed with a monochromator-based microplate reader. Additionally, dentin, enamel, and combined dentin-enamel specimens (respectively, n = 11) were analyzed for comparison purposes. The maximum fluorescence intensity, the corresponding excitation and emission wavelength, and the total fluorescence for the wavelength spectrum λex = 395 nm − 415 nm used for FIT were determined.

Results

All assessed CAD/CAM ceramics showed virtually no total fluorescence for the wavelength spectrum λex = 395 nm − 415 nm used for FIT. CERASMARTTM, KZR-CAD HD 2, and LuxaCam Composite displayed total fluorescence values similar to that of the tooth hard substances. All other resin-based CAD/CAM materials showed a significantly higher total fluorescence than the tooth hard substances.

Conclusions

Apart from the mentioned exceptions, all CAD/CAM materials assessed could be suitable for the FIT, either because they are more fluorescent than hard tooth substances or because they do not fluoresce at all at the respective wavelength of λex = 395 nm − 415 nm.

Clinical relevance

This study provides insight into the not yet well-known fluorescent properties of dental CAD/CAM materials. This knowledge is not only necessary to reproduce the fluorescence properties of natural teeth but also for the applicability of diagnostic fluorescence inducing techniques.

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Acknowledgments

Our deepest gratitude to the dental technicians Klaus Engel (Dentalteam Bast & Marquart GmbH) and Martin Wolf (Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology) for their valuable help in the preparation of the specimens analyzed in the present work. We also sincerely thank Mario Möres and the Thermo-Star GmbH for their support in the sintering process carried out for the tested ceramic specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany

    Christian Klein, Matthias Krespach, Diana Wolff, Christiane von Ohle & Christian Meller

  2. Private practice Meller Zahngesundheit, Waiblingen, Germany

    Christian Klein

  3. Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Sebastian Spintzyk

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  1. Christian Klein
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  2. Matthias Krespach
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  4. Diana Wolff
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  5. Christiane von Ohle
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  6. Christian Meller
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; data curation, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; formal analysis, Christian Klein; investigation, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; methodology, Christian Klein, Matthias Krespach, Sebastian Spintzyk, and Christian Meller; project administration, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; resources, Diana Wolff, Christiane von Ohle, and Christian Meller; validation, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; visualization, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; writing, original draft, Christian Klein and Christian Meller; writing, review and editing, Christian Klein, Matthias Krespach, Sebastian Spintzyk, Diana Wolff, Christiane von Ohle, and Christian Meller.

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Correspondence to Christian Klein.

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Klein, C., Krespach, M., Spintzyk, S. et al. Restorative CAD/CAM materials in dentistry: analysis of their fluorescence properties and the applicability of the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT). Clin Oral Invest 25, 4579–4589 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03772-w

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