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Use of air polishing for supra- and subgingival biofilm removal for treatment of residual periodontal pockets and supportive periodontal care: a systematic review

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Abstract

Aim

To systematically review the literature to compare the efficacy of air polishing to hand or ultrasonic instrumentation to reduce periodontal inflammation during treatment of residual pockets or supportive periodontal care.

Methods

Electronic searches were performed in five different databases, and two databases were used to capture the “grey literature partially.” Clinical trials that compared the use of an air-polishing device to either conventional scaling and root planing (hand and/or ultrasonic instrumentation) or no treatment during periodontal therapy were included without restriction of year and publication status. The Joanna Briggs Institute instrument for clinical trials was used to appraise the studies critically. The results were submitted to qualitative descriptive analysis. The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420220156176).

Results

Electronic searches found 1100 hits published between 2008 and 2019. Thirteen studies were included in the review, out of which four had a follow-up longer than 180 days. Results indicated no differences between the efficacy of air polishing and hand or ultrasonic instruments to reduce periodontal inflammation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that there is no difference in the efficacy of air polishing and hand or ultrasonic instrumentation to control biofilm and reduce periodontal inflammation. However, these findings must be carefully interpreted owing to methodological issues, including a short follow-up, and a potential conflict of interest related to industry funding.

Clinical relevance

Air polishing for biofilm control may be used as an alternative to hand and ultrasonic instrumentation to reduce periodontal inflammation during treatment of residual pockets or supportive periodontal care.

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Funding

This study was also financed in part by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel–Brazilian Ministry of Education)-Finance Code 001. We are also thankful for the support of CNPq (Council for Scientific and Technological Development–Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovations)-Finance Code 307808/2018-1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Gustavo G. Nascimento, Fabio R. M. Leite & Rodrigo López

  2. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil

    Pedro Rogério Camargos Pennisi

  3. Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil

    Luiz Renato Paranhos

Authors
  1. Gustavo G. Nascimento
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  2. Fabio R. M. Leite
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  3. Pedro Rogério Camargos Pennisi
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  4. Rodrigo López
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  5. Luiz Renato Paranhos
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gustavo G. Nascimento.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 5 Strategies for database search
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Table 6 Studies excluded in the reading of the full texts and the reasons for exclusion (n = 07)
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Table 7 Probing pocket depth (PPD) analysis of the usage of air polishing
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Table 8 Clinical attachment level (CAL) analysis of the usage of air polishing
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Table 9 Plaque index (PI) analysis of the usage of air polishing
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Table10 Bleeding on probing (BOP) analysis of the usage of air polishing
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Nascimento, G.G., Leite, F.R.M., Pennisi, P.R.C. et al. Use of air polishing for supra- and subgingival biofilm removal for treatment of residual periodontal pockets and supportive periodontal care: a systematic review. Clin Oral Invest 25, 779–795 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03762-y

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