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Evaluation of mandibular changes after rapid maxillary expansion: a CBCT study in youngsters with unilateral posterior crossbite using a surface-to-surface matching technique

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Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mandibular asymmetry in youngsters with posterior unilateral crossbite (PUXB), through cone-beam computed tomography and reverse engineering technique, before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment.

Materials and methods

Forty cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from all patients at two time points, namely T0 acquired before the placement of a Hyrax expander and T1 after appliance removal. The CBCT scans were segmented and volume rendered into a surface there-dimensional (3D) mesh model. Thereafter, mandibular models were digitally registered by using a “best-fit” algorithm. Surface and volumetric changes, between T0 and T1, were compared by using Student’s t tests.

Results

A slight increase of 0.45 cm3 of the total mandibular volume was found at T1 when compared with T0 (p < 0.001). The mandibular hemi-volume on the crossbite side (CB) was slightly smaller than the non-crossbite side both at T0 and T1. However, the mean differences of hemi-volume from the CB (crossbite) and non-CB side between T0 and T1 show a decrease of 0.26 cm3 (p < 0.001). Findings for the surface-to-surface deviation analysis demonstrated a fine percentage of matching at T0 which slightly improved at T1 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Youngsters affected by PUXB showed a very slight and not statistically significant volumetric and morphological asymmetry between CB side and non-CB side at T0. However, the change in mean differences of 0.26 cm cannot be considered clinically relevant.

Clinical relevance

Mandibles in young PUXB patients exhibit only a very mild mandibular asymmetry. Although the statistically significant mean change found right after RME removal cannot be considered clinically relevant, a more consistent sample and a longer follow-up could be of interest in explaining the short-term findings.

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Funding

This work has been performed with funds of the Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Policlinico Universitario “Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Rosalia Maria Leonardi, Antonino Lo Giudice, Vincenzo Ronsivalle & Gaetano Isola

  2. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Khaled Aboulazm

  3. Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Vincenzo D’Antò

  4. Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Manuel Lagravère

Authors
  1. Rosalia Maria Leonardi
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  2. Khaled Aboulazm
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  4. Vincenzo Ronsivalle
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  5. Vincenzo D’Antò
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Correspondence to Rosalia Maria Leonardi.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Indiana University-Purdue University (IRB protocol number: 1708606623).

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Leonardi, R.M., Aboulazm, K., Giudice, A.L. et al. Evaluation of mandibular changes after rapid maxillary expansion: a CBCT study in youngsters with unilateral posterior crossbite using a surface-to-surface matching technique. Clin Oral Invest 25, 1775–1785 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03480-5

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