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Comparative in vivo study of alloy titanium implants with two different surfaces: biomechanical and SEM analysis

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Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of the interface formed between bone and implants with machined surfaces (MS) and those modified by Al2O3 sandblasting and acid etching (SBAS).

Materials and methods

Before surgery, topographic characterization was performed by SEM-EDX and by mean roughness measurements. Ten Albinus rabbits received randomly 20 Ti-6Al-4V implants on its right and left tibiae, with one implant placed in each tibia. After implant insertion, the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA). After 3 and 6 weeks, the ISQ was again measured, followed by torque removal measurements. Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The surface of the implants removed was evaluated by SEM-EDX. Immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) protein was performed in bone tissue.

Results

The topographic characterization showed differences between the analyzed surfaces, and the mean roughness values of SBAS group were statistically higher than MS. Overall, higher statistically significant ISQ values were observed in the SBAS group compared to the MS group (p = 0.012). The intra-group comparison of ISQ values in the SBAS group showed statistically significant differences between 0 and 3 weeks (p = 0.032) and 0 and 6 weeks (p = 0.003). The torque removal measurements of group SBAS were statistically higher when compared with the torque removal measurements of group MS in the time intervals of 3 weeks (p = 0.002) and 6 weeks (p < 0.001). SEM-EDX of the implant surfaces removed in SBAS group showed greater bone tissue covering and mean values atomic in percentage of Ca, P, and O statistically superior (p < 0.05) than MS group. Immunohistochemical reactions showed intense OC immunolabeling at 6 weeks postoperative for SBAS group.

Conclusions

The topographical modifications made in group SBAS allowed a better mechanical interlocking between the implant and bone tissue.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Laboratory for the Study of Mineralized Tissues (LSMT) of the Araçatuba Dental of School-UNESP (FAPESP, 2012/159122-2; 2015/14688-0) from immunohistochemistry analysis, and would like to thank the Emfils Colosso Company for providing the implants used in this study.

Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–CAPES, Universal-422842/2016-8.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil

    Francisley Ávila Souza, Willian Moraes Melo & Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho

  2. Implant Dentistry Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil

    Thayane Silveira Mata Furtado, Ulisses Ribeiro Campos Dayube & Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho

  3. Department of Materials Dental and Prosthesis, São José dos Campos Dental of School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil

    Renato Sussumu Nishioka

  4. Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Pier Paolo Poli & Carlo Maiorana

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  1. Francisley Ávila Souza
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Correspondence to Francisley Ávila Souza.

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Conflict of interest

Francisley Ávila Souza declares that he has no conflict of interest. Thayane Silveira Mata Furtado declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ulisses Ribeiro Campos Dayube declares that he has no conflict of interest. Willian Moraes Melo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Renato Sussumu Nishioka declares that he has no conflict of interest. Pier Paolo Poli declares that he has no conflict of interest. Carlo Maiorana declares that he has no conflict of interest. Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalhop declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Clinical relevance: The use of sandblasted and acid-etched Ti-6Al-4V implants might improve the osseointegration process from a biomechanical aspect.

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Souza, F.Á., Furtado, T.S.M., Dayube, U.R.C. et al. Comparative in vivo study of alloy titanium implants with two different surfaces: biomechanical and SEM analysis. Clin Oral Invest 23, 4383–4397 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02872-6

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