Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Sufficiency of curing in high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with enhanced opacity

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

The study aims analyzing if improved opacity in modern high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites (BF-RBC) contradicts with the sufficiency of curing and to assess material’s tolerance to less ideal curing conditions.

Materials and methods

Simulated large cavities (10 × 6) mm were filled in one increment with three BF-RBCs (Filtek One, FO; Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk Fill, TEC-BF; SonicFill2, SF2). One central and two peripheral (4 mm apart from the center) micromechanical property line-profiles (HV, Vickers hardness; YHU, indentation modulus) were measured in 0.2-mm steps at 24 h post-polymerization (n = 6). Depth of cure (DOC) was calculated from the HV variation in depth. A scratch test (DOCscratch test) estimated the tolerance in polymerization when simulating clinically relevant curing conditions (exposure distance up to 7 mm; centered and with a 3-mm offset placement of the LCU). Irradiance and spectral distribution of the used light curing unit (LCU) were assessed at various curing conditions.

Results

DOC varied among 3.6 mm (SF2, peripheral) and 5.7 mm (FO, central). The BF-RBC influences DOC stronger (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.616) than the width (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.398). Significant lower DOC (t test) was measured peripheral compared to center in all materials. YHU was more sensitive to the varied parameters as HV. DOCscratch test varied among 2.4 mm (SF2, 3-mm offset, exposure distance 7 mm) and 3.9 mm (FO, center, 0 mm).

Conclusions

Whether opacity competes with DOC is material dependent. BF-RBCs tolerate small variations in LCU’s centricity better than variations in exposure distance.

Clinical relevance

The upper incremental thickness threshold of 4 or 5 mm was not reached in all BF-RBCs under simulated clinically relevant curing conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Margeas RC (2015) Bulk-fill materials: simplify restorations, reduce chairtime. Compend Contin Educ Dent 36:e1–e4

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McHugh LEJ, Politi I, Al-Fodeh RS, Fleming GJP (2017) Implications of resin-based composite (RBC) restoration on cuspal deflection and microleakage score in molar teeth: placement protocol and restorative material. Dent Mater 33:e329–e335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M (2013) Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent 38:618–625. https://doi.org/10.2341/12-395-l

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Peutzfeldt A, Muhlebach S, Lussi A, Flury S (2017) Marginal gap formation in approximal “bulk fill” resin composite restorations after artificial ageing. Oper Dent 43:180–189. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-068-l

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sampaio CS, Chiu KJ, Farrokhmanesh E, Janal M, Puppin-Rontani RM, Giannini M, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Hirata R (2017) Microcomputed tomography evaluation of polymerization shrinkage of class I flowable resin composite restorations. Oper Dent 42:E16–E23. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-296-l

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Toh WS, Yap AU, Lim SY (2015) In vitro biocompatibility of contemporary bulk-fill composites. Oper Dent 40:644–652. https://doi.org/10.2341/15-059-l

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Sung R, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N (2015) Analysis of long-term monomer elution from bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites using high performance liquid chromatography. Dent Mater 31:1587–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.10.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Miletic V, Peric D, Milosevic M, Manojlovic D, Mitrovic N (2016) Local deformation fields and marginal integrity of sculptable bulk-fill, low-shrinkage and conventional composites. Dent Mater 32:1441–1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Han SH, Sadr A, Tagami J, Park SH (2016) Internal adaptation of resin composites at two configurations: influence of polymerization shrinkage and stress. Dent Mater 32:1085–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Al Sunbul H, Silikas N, Watts DC (2016) Polymerization shrinkage kinetics and shrinkage-stress in dental resin-composites. Dent Mater 32:998–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. van Dijken JWV, Pallesen U (2017) Bulk-filled posterior resin restorations based on stress-decreasing resin technology: a randomized, controlled 6-year evaluation. Eur J Oral Sci 125:303–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. McGuirk C, Hussain F, Millar BJ (2017) Survival of direct posterior composites with and without a bulk Fill Base. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 25:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1922/EJPRD_01670McGuirk07

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bayraktar Y, Ercan E, Hamidi MM, Colak H (2017) One-year clinical evaluation of different types of bulk-fill composites. J Investig Clin Dent 8:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Atabek D, Aktas N, Sakaryali D, Bani M (2017) Two-year clinical performance of sonic-resin placement system in posterior restorations. Quintessence Int 48:743–751. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a38855

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yazici AR, Antonson SA, Kutuk ZB, Ergin E (2017) Thirty-six-month clinical comparison of bulk fill and nanofill composite restorations. Oper Dent 42:478–485. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-220-c

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shortall AC, Palin WM, Burtscher P (2008) Refractive index mismatch and monomer reactivity influence composite curing depth. J Dent Res 87:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bucuta S, Ilie N (2014) Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs. conventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Investig 18:1991–2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1177-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ilie N, Stark K (2015) Effect of different curing protocols on the mechanical properties of low-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 19:271–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1262-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ilie N, Stark K (2014) Curing behaviour of high-viscosity bulk-fill composites. J Dent 42:977–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2014.05.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shimokawa CA, Turbino ML, Harlow JE, Price HL, Price RB (2016) Light output from six battery operated dental curing lights. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 69:1036–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ilie N, Luca BI (2018) Efficacy of modern light curing units in polymerizing peripheral zones in simulated large bulk-fill resin-composite fillings. Oper Dent. https://doi.org/10.2341/17-095-L

  22. DIN 50359-1:1997-10 (1997) Testing of metallic materials—universal hardness test—part 1: test method 

  23. Watts DC, Amer O, Combe EC (1984) Characteristics of visible-light-activated composite systems. Br Dent J 156:209–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. ISO 4049:2009 (2009) Dentistry—polymer-based restorative materials

  25. Ilie N (2017) Impact of light transmittance mode on polymerisation kinetics in bulk-fill resin-based composites. J Dent 63:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2017.05.017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. 3M Oral Care (2016) 3M™ Filtek™ One Bulk Fill Restorative, Technical Product Profile. https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1317671O/filtek-one-bulk-fill-technical-product-profile.pdf

  27. Joly GD, Abuelyaman AS, Fornof AR, Craig BD, Krepski LR, Moser WH, Yurt S, Oxman JD, Falsafi A (2016) Dental compositions comprising addition-fragmentation agents, United States Patent, Patent No.: US 9.414,996 B2

  28. Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH (2008) Radical addition–fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis. Polymer 49:1079–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Moad G, Chong YK, Postma A, Rizzardo E, Thang SH (2005) Advances in RAFT polymerization: the synthesis of polymers with defined end-groups. Polymer 46:8458–8468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Schulz H, Burtscher P, Mädler L (2007) Correlating filler transparency with inorganic/polymer composite transparency. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 38:2451–2459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ikemura K, Endo T (2010) A review of the development of radical photopolymerization initiators used for designing light-curing dental adhesives and resin composites. Dent Mater J 29:481–501

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Moszner N, Fischer UK, Ganster B, Liska R, Rheinberger V (2008) Benzoyl germanium derivatives as novel visible light photoinitiators for dental materials. Dent Mater 24:901–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Husler J, Lussi A (2012) Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials? Dent Mater 28:521–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Operative/Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich to 65% and by the company 3M ESPE to 35%.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestr. 70, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Nicoleta Ilie

Authors
  1. Nicoleta Ilie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicoleta Ilie.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ilie, N. Sufficiency of curing in high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with enhanced opacity. Clin Oral Invest 23, 747–755 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2482-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2482-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation