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Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication (ICM) on periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory contents and on periodontal clinical parameters in teeth with primary periodontal lesion and secondary endodontic involvement.

Materials and methods

Ten patients with abnormal pulp test results and deep probing depth derived from primary periodontal disease with secondary endodontic involvement were included. Samples were collected from root canals (RC) and periodontal pockets (PP) in order to investigate the microbiological status, levels of endotoxin (LPS), cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), before and after ICM. PCR was used for microbiological assessment. The kinetic-chromogenic LAL assay was used for LPS quantification. Quantikine ELISA kits were used for measurement of IL-1 α, IL-1 β, TNF-α, PGE2, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, and MMP-13 levels. The statistical analyses were made using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). T test was used to compare data on periodontal characteristics.

Results

ICM did not reduce the number of microorganisms in PP and RC, except for Fusobacterium nucleatum in RC. There was a significant reduction in LPS, MMPs, IL-1 β, and TNF-α levels in PP after ICM. In RC, LPS, MMP13, PGE2, and IL-1β levels remained unaltered (p > 0.05); however, the levels of the other MMPs and cytokines were reduced (p < 0.05). After 1 year of the root canal treatment, tooth mobility was significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

The use of a calcium hydroxide-based ICM showed positive effects for periodontal treatment prognosis, as it reduced LPS, cytokine, and MMP levels in periodontal pockets.

Clinical significance

Patients presenting deep probing depth and undergoing periodontal treatment for at least 6 months, with no positive response to periodontal therapy, might benefit with the endodontic treatment.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (2015/23479-5), CNPq (308162/2014-5), and CAPES. We are thankful to Maicon R Z Passini, from the Piracicaba Dental School-UNICAMP for the technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901. Bairro Areao. Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil

    Thais M. Duque, Maira Prado, Daniel R. Herrera & Brenda P. F. A. Gomes

Authors
  1. Thais M. Duque
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  2. Maira Prado
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  3. Daniel R. Herrera
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  4. Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brenda P. F. A. Gomes.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Piracicaba Dental School. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Duque, T.M., Prado, M., Herrera, D.R. et al. Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication. Clin Oral Invest 23, 53–63 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2401-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2401-6

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