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Impact of combined CO2 laser irradiation and fluoride on enamel and dentin biofilm-induced mineral loss

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Abstract

Objectives

The caries-protective effects of CO2 laser irradiation on dental enamel have been demonstrated using chemical demineralization models. We compared the effect of CO2 laser irradiation, sodium fluoride, or both on biofilm-induced mineral loss (∆Z) and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to enamel and dentin in vitro.

Materials and methods

Ground, polished bovine enamel, and dentin samples were allocated to four groups (n = 12/group): no treatment (C); single 22,600-ppm fluoride (F) varnish (5 % NaF) application; single CO2 laser treatment (L) with short pulses (5 μs/λ = 10.6 μm); and laser and subsequent fluoride treatment (LF). Samples were sterilized and submitted to an automated mono-species S. mutans biofilm model. Brain heart infusion plus 5 % sucrose medium was provided eight times daily, followed by rinses with artificial saliva. After 10 days, bacterial numbers in biofilms were enumerated as colony-forming units/ml (CFU/ml) (n = 7/group). ∆Z was assessed using transversal microradiography (n = 12/group). Univariate ANOVA with post hoc Tukey honestly-significant-difference test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Bacterial numbers were significantly higher on dentin than enamel (p < 0.01/ANOVA). On dentin, LF yielded significantly lower CFUs than other groups (p = 0.03/Tukey), while no differences between groups were found for enamel. The lowest ∆Z in enamel was observed for L (mean/SD 2036/1353 vol%×μm), which was not only significantly lower than C (9642/2452 vol%×μm) and F (7713/1489 vol%×μm) (p < 0.05) but also not significantly different from LF (3135/2628 vol%×μm) (p > 0.05). In dentin, only LF (163/227) significantly reduced ∆Z (p < 0.05).

Conclusion/clinical relevance

CO2 laser irradiation did not increase adhesion of S. mutans in vitro. Laser treatment alone protected enamel against biofilm-induced demineralization, while a combined laser-fluoride application was required to protect dentin.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry (ZPP), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Marcella Esteves-Oliveira

  2. Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Karim Fawzy El-Sayed & Christof Dörfer

  3. Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin,, Germany

    Falk Schwendicke

Authors
  1. Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
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  2. Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
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  3. Christof Dörfer
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  4. Falk Schwendicke
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Correspondence to Marcella Esteves-Oliveira.

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The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

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The funding of this research work was done with the internal resources of the Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry of RWTH Aachen University and the Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any authors.

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Esteves-Oliveira, M., El-Sayed, K.F., Dörfer, C. et al. Impact of combined CO2 laser irradiation and fluoride on enamel and dentin biofilm-induced mineral loss. Clin Oral Invest 21, 1243–1250 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1893-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1893-1

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