Abstract
Lanthanides are a group of non-essential elements with important imaging and therapeutic applications. Although trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln3+) are used as potent blockers of Ca2+ channels, the systematic studies correlating Ln3+ accumulation and toxicity to Ca2+ channel blocking activity are scarce. In this study, we made use of the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the correlation between Ln3+ accumulation, their toxicity and their capacity to block the exogenous stress-induced Ca2+ influx into the cytosol. It was found that the Ln3+ blocked the Ca2+ entry into the yeast cells only when present at concentration high enough to allow rapid binding to cell surface. At lower concentrations, Ln3+ were taken up by the cell, but Ca2+ blockage was no longer achieved. At 1 mM concentration, all ions from the Ln3+ series could block Ca2+ entry into cytosol with the exception of La3+, and to a lesser extent, Pr3+ and Nd3+. The plasma membrane Ca2+-channel Cch1/Mid1 contributed to La3+ and Gd3+ entry into the cells, with a significant preference for La3+. The results open the possibility to obtain cells loaded with controlled amounts and ratios of Ln3+.
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Abbreviations
- [Ca2+]cyt :
-
Cytosolic Ca2+
- CFU:
-
Colony forming units
- EDTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
- Ln3+ :
-
Trivalent lanthanide ions
- MES:
-
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
- MM:
-
Minimal defined medium
- RLU:
-
Relative luminescence units
- SD-Ura:
-
SD lacking uracil
- SE:
-
Standard deviation
- WT:
-
Parental “wild-type” strain
- YPD:
-
Yeast extract-peptone-dextrose
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Enzo Martegani and Dr. Renata Tisi (from University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy) to the manuscript by generously providing the plasmid pYX212-cytAEQ and thank Dr. Andrei F. Danet for technical support. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Romania-EEA Research Programme operated by the Ministry of National Education under the EEA Financial Mechanism 2009–2014 and Project Contract No 21 SEE/30.06.2014, and by the Executive Unit for Higher Education, Development, Research and Innovation Funding—UEFISCDI, Romania, under Grant PN-II-PT-PCCA-2013-4-0291 (contract no. 203/2014). C. D. E. was a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship POSDRU/89/1.5/S/60746 when the study was initiated.
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Ene, C.D., Ruta, L.L., Nicolau, I. et al. Interaction between lanthanide ions and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 20, 1097–1107 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1291-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1291-1