Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of trigonelline content in various extracts and different varieties of some commercial coffees available in the Saudi Arabian market

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The proposed research study was undertaken to establish a simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantification of trigonelline (TGN) in methanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of different brands of coffee samples with different colours due to roasting time. The proposed HPTLC methodology was carried out using glass coated silica gel 60 F254 plates. The mobile phase used was quaternary mixture of ethyl acetate:methanol:water:formic acid 5.4:2.3:1.5:0.8 (%, v/v) which furnished a compact spot of TGN at Rf 0.24 ± 0.01. The developed plate was scanned and quantified densitometrically at 267 nm. Linear regression analysis presented a good relationship between peak area and amount of TGN in the range of 100–700 ng/band. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. The maximum amount of TGN was recorded in roasted Arabic coffee among different brands studied. The amounts of TGN in methanolic, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract of roasted Arabic coffee were obtained as 0.74, 0.80 and 0.79% w/w, respectively. The proposed analytical methodology will be useful to enumerate the therapeutic dose of TGN in different herbal products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Perrone D, Donangelo CM, Farah A (2008) Fast simultaneous analysis of caffeine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid and sucrose in coffee by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 110:1030–1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Carvalho DDC, Brigagão MR, dos Santos MH, de Paula FB, Giusti-Paiva A, Azevedo L (2011) Organic and conventional Coffea arabica L.: A comparative study of the chemical composition and physiological, biochemical and toxicological effects in Wistar rats. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr 66:114–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rodrigues NP, Salva TJG, Bragagnolo N (2015) Influence of coffee genotype on bioactive compounds and the in vitro capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. J Agric Food Chem 63:4815–4826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yadav UC, Baquer NZ (2014) Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. Pharm. Biol 52:243–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhou J, Chan L, Zhou S (2012) Trigonelline: a plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for diabetes and central nervous system disease. Curr Med Chem 19:3523–3531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Folwarczna J, Zych M, Nowinska B, Pytlik M, Janas A (2014) Unfavorable effect of trigonelline, an alkaloid present in coffee and fenugreek, on bone mechanical properties in estrogen-deficient rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 58:1457–1464

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yoshinari O, Igarashi K (2010) Anti-diabetic effect of trigonelline and nicotinic acid on KK-Ay mice. Curr Med Chem 17:2196–2202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ozcelik B, Kartal M, Orhan I (2011) Cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Pharm Biol 49:396–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hong BN, Yi TH, Kim SY, Kang TH (2009) High-dosage pyridoxine induced auditory neuropathy and protection with coffee in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 32:597–603

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hirakawa N, Okauchi R, Miura Y, Yagasaki K (2005) Anti-invasive activity of niacin and trigonelline against cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 69:653–658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheng ZX, Wu JJ, Liu ZQ, Lin N (2013) Development of a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-UPLC assay to determine trigonelline in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Chinese J Nat Med 11:164–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Casal S, Oliveira MBPP, Alves MR, Ferreira MA (2000) Discriminate analysis of roasted coffee varieties for trigonelline, nicotinic acid, and caffeine content. J Agric Food Chem 48:3420–3424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Alves ST, Benassi MT et al (2006) HPLC analysis of roasted coffee varieties for nicotinic acid, trigonelline, chlorogenic acid and caffeine in roasted coffee. Quim. Nova 29:1164–1168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shailajan S, Menon S, Singh A, Mhatre M, Sayed N (2011) A validated RP-HPLC method for quantification of trigonelline from herbal formulations containing Trigonella foenum-gracium (L.). Pharm. Methods 2:1574–1160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Arai K, Terashima H, Aizawa S, Taga A, Yamamoto A, Tsutsumiuchi K, Kodama S (2015) Simultaneous determination of trigonelline, caffeine, chlorogenic acid and their related compounds in instant coffee samples by HPLC using an acidic mobile phase containing octanesulfonate. Anal Sci 31:831–835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sathe PS, Dighe VV (2016) Method development and validation for quantification of trigonelline from Mirabilis jalapa Linn. leaves and enhancement in extraction yield from ultra fine powder. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res 9:62–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kowmudi J, Nagappan K, Anoop K, Sailaja M, Narenderan ST (2019) , A validated LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of trigonelline in marketed dietary supplements, Curr. Bioac. Comp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190315161208

  18. Kanaga Sabapathi S, Vrushabendra Swamy BM (2015) Bioanalytical method development and validation of trigonelline by tendem mass spectra and its application to pharmacokinetic study. World J Pharm Sci 3:2207–2216

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gopu CL, Gilda SS, Paradkar AR, Mahadik KR (2008) Development and validation of a densitometric TLC method for analysis of trigonelline 4-hydroxyisoleucine in fenugreek seeds. Acta Chromatogr 20:709–719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chopra S, Motwani SK, Iqbal Z, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK (2007) Quantitative determination and stress degradation studies on a biomarker trigonelline by a validated stability-indicating HPTLC method. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Technol 30:557–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Priya V, Jananie RK, Vijayalakshmi K (2011) GC/MS determination of bioactive components of Tirigonella foenum grecum. J Chem Pharm Res 3:35–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Szczesny D, Bartosinska E, Jacyna J, Patejko M, Siluk D, Kaliszan R (2018) Quantitative determination of trigonelline in mouse serum by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 32:E4054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Caporaso N, Whitworth MB, Grebby S, Fisk ID (2018) Non-destructive analysis of sucrose, caffeine and trigonelline on single green coffee beans by hyperspectral imaging. Food Res Int 106:193–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Machado ART, Lage GA, Medeiros FDS (2013) Quantitative analysis of trigonelline in some Annona species by proton NMR spectroscopy. Nat Prod Bioprospec 3:158–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human use, Harmonised Triplicate Guideline on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, Recommended for Adoption at Step 4 of the ICH process on November 1996 by the ICH Steering Committee, IFPMA, Geneva

  26. Alqarni MH, Alam P, Salkini MA, Abdel-Kader MS (2018) Roasting effects on caffeine contents and antioxidant potential of different coffee grades available in the Saudi market. Indo Amer J Pharm Sci 5:16738–16745

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Foudah AI, Alam P, Alqarni MH, Salkini MAA, Abdel-Kader MS (2019) Development of a reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of trigonelline and diosgenin biomarkers in Tirigonella foenum-grecum L. seeds grown in variable environment. J. Planar Chromatogr 32:379–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shakya A, Gogoi N, Chaudhary SK, Bhat HR, Ghosh SK (2019) Development and validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the quantification of rutin in the fruit pulp of Beninacasa hispida (Thunb.) cogniaux. J. Planar Chromatogr 32:371–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Maniyar PB, Thomas AB, Kulkarni RD, Kadam SA, Chouhan PP, Chitlange SS (2019) Development of an analytical method for identification of the genotoxic impurity of quetiapine fumarate by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J Planar Chromatogr 32:317–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by Support Research Projects with Global Partnership Program, Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA (Grant No. 2019/03/10694). The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj, for their assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed I. Foudah, Prawez Alam, Maged S. Abdel-Kader, Ayman M. Salkini & Hasan S. Yusufoglu

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Faiyaz Shakeel

  3. Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh I. Alqasoumi

Authors
  1. Ahmed I. Foudah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prawez Alam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maged S. Abdel-Kader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Faiyaz Shakeel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Saleh I. Alqasoumi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ayman M. Salkini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hasan S. Yusufoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed I. Foudah.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest associated with this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Foudah, A.I., Alam, P., Abdel-Kader, M.S. et al. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of trigonelline content in various extracts and different varieties of some commercial coffees available in the Saudi Arabian market. JPC-J Planar Chromat 33, 43–50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-019-00010-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-019-00010-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation