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Composition and Structure of Human Gallstones Studied by Analytical TEM and EPR Spectroscopy

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Abstract

Using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in different variants, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elementary analyses, and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods, the composition and structural peculiarities of human gallbladder stones (GSs) of various types removed during surgery from five patients with cholelithiasis were studied. TEM and EPR results showed heterogeneous composition and structure of GSs studied. These methods yield mutually complementary structural information. Characteristic EPR parameters of paramagnetic centers (PCs) have been determined as well as their nature and their average concentrations in the GSs samples were measured. In the case of iron ions, values of Fe3+ content measured by EPR and analytical TEM are in a good agreement. We believe that obtaining data on the structure and detailed composition of gallstones will allow prevention to be optimized in the future, and possibly will create new approaches to drug therapy of the cholelithiasis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within a state assignment for the Federal Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the part concerning electron microscopy investigation. The electron microscopy investigation was performed using the equipment of the Shared Research Center of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS (project RFMEFI62119X0035). EPR measurements were done at the equipment of the User Facilities Center of N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences. Authors are thankful to Prof. A. Kh. Vorob’ev (Chemistry faculty of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University) provided us his computer program package.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia

    V. V. Pantyushov

  2. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    O. M. Zhigalina & D. N. Khmelenin

  3. Bauman State Technical University, Moscow, Russia

    O. M. Zhigalina

  4. N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

    I. A. Kokorin

  5. Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, P.O.Box 3049, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    W. E. Trommer

  6. N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Scieces, Moscow, Russia

    Y. N. Degtuarev & A. I. Kokorin

  7. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia

    A. I. Kokorin

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  1. V. V. Pantyushov
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Pantyushov, V.V., Zhigalina, O.M., Khmelenin, D.N. et al. Composition and Structure of Human Gallstones Studied by Analytical TEM and EPR Spectroscopy. Appl Magn Reson 53, 565–579 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01360-z

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