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The potential for using metagreywacke to study metamorphism of amphibolite facies conditions: a comparison study within the Luminárias Nappe, Southern Brasília Orogen (Southeastern Brazil)

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Abstract

Metagreywacke is a very common rock type in orogenic settings. It occurs in several domains within the Neoproterozoic Southern Brasília Orogen, that registers convergent events related to the Western Gondwana formation. Studied rocks derive from the Luminárias Nappe, which is composed of metapelite (Campestre Unit), quartzite and metagreywacke (Santo Antônio Unit) that occur in the northern portion of the structure. The potential use of the metagreywacke in metamorphic studies and the metamorphic P–T path of the Santo Antônio Unit was constrained using isochemical phase diagram, quantitative compositional mapping, and composition mineral contours. The metamorphic peak mineral assemblage of the metagreywacke is biotite + plagioclase + garnet + muscovite + ilmenite + quartz. Rutile is a prograde phase, but is replaced by ilmenite at metamorphic peak, while chlorite is a retrograde phase, as it replaced biotite and garnet. The garnet is almandine rich, preserves zoning, with lower almandine and pyrope contents in the core and lower spessartine and grossular contents in the rim. The peak assemblage is stable at temperatures of 570 ˚C to 650 ˚C and pressures of 0.7 GPa to 1.05 GPa. Prograde conditions of 540 ˚C and 0.9 GPa are obtained using the garnet core spessartine composition and the rutile occurrence. The compositional mineral contours of garnet rim, combined with those of muscovite and plagioclase, intercept at 630 ˚C and 1.0 GPa and indicate peak metamorphic conditions. Later crystallization of chlorite took place during retrograde conditions at 580 ˚C and 0.7 GPa, defining a single clockwise P–T path. The calculated topology of metagreywacke pseudosection, in this study, resembles those of a typical metapelite, and the crystallization sequence of metamorphic index minerals, along a Barrovian gradient, with slightly distinguished mineral assemblages. The similarity and differences for the two rock types occurs, specially under amphibolite facies conditions. Therefore, the metagreywacke is a promising protolith for metamorphic studies, even if it presents marking differences from pelites. The constrained P–T path is similar to those presented in previous works carried out in the Luminárias Nappe, associated with the collisional setting in the Southern Brasília Orogen.

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Acknowledgements

Daniel Godoy is thanked for the EPMA lab support in the Department of Geology of the São Paulo State University, UNESP, Brazil. The authors thank Sebastian Oriolo and Chun-Ming Wu for their constructive reviews that improved the presentation of this work. Journal editors Shah Wali Faryad and Lutz Nasdala are thanked for editorial handling of the manuscript and helpful suggestions for improvement of the manuscript. RAF, GLL and RM acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq); RM and GLL are research fellows of the CNPq (grant 305720/2001-1 to RM and grant 311606/2019-9 to GGL) and RAF had PhD scholarship (141604/2018-2). Further support was provided by the São Paulo Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP) through grants 2015/05230-0 and 2016/22627-3. This research was conducted within a post-graduation program, which was supported by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES).

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  1. Department of Geology, São Paulo State University, Av. 24A, Rio Claro, 1515, 13506-900, Brazil

    Regiane A. Fumes, George L. Luvizotto & Lara A. Patto

  2. Department of Mineralogy and Geotectonics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, São Paulo, 562, 05508-080, Brazil

    Renato Moraes

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  1. Regiane A. Fumes
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Fumes, R.A., Luvizotto, G.L., Moraes, R. et al. The potential for using metagreywacke to study metamorphism of amphibolite facies conditions: a comparison study within the Luminárias Nappe, Southern Brasília Orogen (Southeastern Brazil). Miner Petrol 115, 519–534 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00758-8

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