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Caspase-like proteases and the phytohormone cytokinin as determinants of S-RNAse–based self-incompatibility–induced PCD in Petunia hybrida L.

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Abstract

S-RNAse–based self-incompatibility (SI) in petunia (Petunia hybrida L.) is a self-/non-self-recognition system underlying the pistil rejection of self-pollen. Using different methods, including a TUNEL assay, we have recently shown that programmed cell death (PCD) is a factor of the SI in petunia. Here, we show that the growth of self-incompatible pollen tubes in the style tissues during 4 h after pollination is accompanied by five–sixfold increase in a caspase-like protease (CLP) activity. Exogenous cytokinin (CK) inhibits the pollen tube growth and stimulates the CLP activity in compatible pollen tubes. The actin depolymerization with latrunculin B induces a sharp drop in the CLP activity in self-incompatible pollen tubes and its increase in compatible pollen tubes. Altogether, our results suggest that a CLP is involved in the SI-induced PCD and that CK is a putative activator of the CLP. We assume that CK provokes acidification of the cytosol and thus promotes the activation of a CLP. Thus, our results suggest that CK and CLP are involved in the S-RNAse–based SI-induced PCD in petunia. Potential relations between these components in PCD signaling are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their deep gratitude to Azarkovich Marina Ivanovna (IPP RAS) for mastering the method of extraction and determination of proteins. The authors are grateful to Alexander Tyurin for his technical assistance and to the functional genomics Group (IPP RAS) headed by Irina Goldenkova-Pavlova for the opportunity to work on the equipment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia

    Ekaterina V. Zakharova

  2. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Galina V. Timofeeva, Arseny D. Fateev & Lidia V. Kovaleva

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  1. Ekaterina V. Zakharova
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  2. Galina V. Timofeeva
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  3. Arseny D. Fateev
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  4. Lidia V. Kovaleva
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E. Zakharova and L. Kovaleva conceived and designed the research, and wrote the manuscript; E. Zakharova, G. Timofeeva, and A. Fateev conducted the experiments.

All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ekaterina V. Zakharova.

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Zakharova, E.V., Timofeeva, G.V., Fateev, A.D. et al. Caspase-like proteases and the phytohormone cytokinin as determinants of S-RNAse–based self-incompatibility–induced PCD in Petunia hybrida L.. Protoplasma 258, 573–586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-020-01587-w

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