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Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats

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Abstract

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes cellular and tissue damage to the intestine and remote organs such as the liver. Increased production of ROS and nitric oxide and dysregulation of cytoprotective enzymes may be involved in intestinal I/R. The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of glutamine on the intestine and liver of rats with intestinal I/R injury. Twenty male Wistar rats (300 g) were divided into four groups: sham-operated (SO), glutamine + SO (G + SO), I/R, and glutamine + I/R (G + I/R). Occlusion of the SMA for 30 min was followed by 15-min reperfusion. Glutamine (25 mg/kg/day) was administered once daily 24 and 48 h before I/R induction. Blood and tissue of were collected for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry of IL-1β and TNF-α, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and nitric oxide, Nrf2/keap1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), heat shock protein (HSP70), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) by western blot. Statistic analysis by ANOVA–Student-Newman-Keuls test (mean ± SE) significantly was p < 0.05. Tissue damage, AST, ALT, IL-1β, TNF-α, TBARS, NO, Keap1, iNOS, GRP78, and ATF-6 expression were significantly lower in the G + I/R group as compared to the I/R group. Expression of Nrf2, SOD, NQO1, and HSP70, was significantly higher in the G + I/R group as compared to I/R group. Pre-treatment with glutamine provided protection against oxidative damage in the intestine and liver in an experimental model of intestinal I/R.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

One-way analysis of variance

ATF-6:

Activating transcription factor 6

ERS:

Endoplasmic reticulum stress

Gln:

Glutamine

GRP78:

Glucose-regulated protein 78

HSP 70:

Heat shock protein 70

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

I/R:

Ischemia-reperfusion

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

NQO1:

NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Renata Minuzzo Hartmann, Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt, Josieli Raskopf Colares & Norma Possa Marroni

  2. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Francielli Licks & Norma Possa Marroni

  3. Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre – HCPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Renata Minuzzo Hartmann, Francielli Licks, Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt, Josieli Raskopf Colares, Mariana do Couto Soares, Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann & Norma Possa Marroni

  4. Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Renata Minuzzo Hartmann, Francielli Licks, Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt, Josieli Raskopf Colares, Mariana do Couto Soares, Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann & Norma Possa Marroni

  5. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Gilmara Pandolfo Zabot & Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann

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  1. Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
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  2. Francielli Licks
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  3. Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt
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  4. Josieli Raskopf Colares
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  5. Mariana do Couto Soares
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  6. Gilmara Pandolfo Zabot
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  7. Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann
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  8. Norma Possa Marroni
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Correspondence to Norma Possa Marroni.

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All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Hartmann, R.M., Licks, F., Schemitt, E.G. et al. Protective effect of glutamine on the main and adjacent organs damaged by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Protoplasma 254, 2155–2168 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1102-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-017-1102-3

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