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Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in Triticum aestivum roots in response to rotenone and antimycin A

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Abstract

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, capable of fusion and fission as a part of cellular responses to various signals, such as the shifts in the redox status of a cell. The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC.) is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with complexes I and III contributing the most to this process. Disruptions of ETC. can lead to increased ROS generation. Here, we demonstrate the appearance of giant mitochondria in wheat roots in response to simultaneous application of the respiratory inhibitors rotenone (complex I of mitochondrial ETC.) and antimycin A (complex III of mitochondrial ETC.). The existence of such megamitochondria was temporary, and following longer treatment with inhibitors mitochondria resumed their conventional size and oval shape. Changes in mitochondrial morphology were accompanied with a decrease in mitochondrial potential and an unexpected increase in oxygen consumption. Changes in mitochondrial morphology and activity may result from the fusion and fission of mitochondria induced by the disruption of mitochondrial ETC. Results from experiments with the inhibitor of mitochondrial fission Mdivi-1 suggest that the retarded fission may facilitate plant mitochondria to appear in a fused shape. The processes of mitochondrial fusion and fission are involved in the regulation of the efficacy of the functions of the respiratory chain complexes and ROS metabolism during stresses. The changes in morphology of mitochondria, along with the changes in their functional activity, can be a part of the strategy of the plant adaptation to stresses.

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Abbreviations

AO:

Alternative oxidase

2,4-DNP:

2,4-Dinitrophenol

ETC:

Electron transport chain

Mdivi-1:

(3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-4 (1H)-quinazolinone)

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

O2 ·− :

Superoxide anion radical

TMRM:

Tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester

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Acknowledgments

We thank Mrs. Tatyana Ogorodnikova for excellent technical assistance. This study was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 14-04-00205, 13-04-00865), the Federal Program of the Ministry of Education and Science of the RF (No. 8117 from 23 July 2012), and the Program of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences “Molecular and Cellular Biology,” with support from Higher Scientific Schools (No. 825.2012.4).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia

    Daniya Rakhmatullina, Anastasiya Ponomareva, Natalia Gazizova & Farida Minibayeva

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  1. Daniya Rakhmatullina
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  2. Anastasiya Ponomareva
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  3. Natalia Gazizova
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  4. Farida Minibayeva
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Correspondence to Farida Minibayeva.

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Handling Editor: Liwen Jiang

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Rakhmatullina, D., Ponomareva, A., Gazizova, N. et al. Mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in Triticum aestivum roots in response to rotenone and antimycin A. Protoplasma 253, 1299–1308 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0888-0

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