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Oxidative and antioxidative responses in the wheat-Azospirillum brasilense interaction

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Abstract

Azospirillum is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) able to enhance the growth of wheat. The aim of this study was to test the effect of Azospirillum brasilense cell wall components on superoxide (O2·−) production in wheat roots and the effect of oxidative stress on A. brasilense viability. We found that inoculation with A. brasilense reduced O2·− levels by approx. 30 % in wheat roots. Inoculation of wheat with papain-treated A. brasilense, a Cys protease, notably increased O2·− production in all root tissues, as was observed by the nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. However, a 24-h treatment with rhizobacteria lipopolysaccharides (50 and 100 μg/mL) alone did not affect the pattern of O2·− production. Analysis of the effect of plant cell wall components on A. brasilense oxidative enzyme activity showed no changes in catalase activity but a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in response to polygalacturonic acid treatment. Furthermore, A. brasilense growth was only affected by high concentrations of H2O2 or paraquat, but not by sodium nitroprusside. Our results suggest that rhizobacterial cell wall components play an important role in controlling plant cell responses and developing tolerance of A. brasilense to oxidative stress produced by the plant.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, México.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. A1’, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58040, Mexico

    Manuel Méndez-Gómez, Elda Castro-Mercado & Ernesto García-Pineda

  2. Department of Biology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996-0840, USA

    Gladys Alexandre

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  1. Manuel Méndez-Gómez
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  2. Elda Castro-Mercado
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  3. Gladys Alexandre
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  4. Ernesto García-Pineda
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Correspondence to Ernesto García-Pineda.

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Méndez-Gómez, M., Castro-Mercado, E., Alexandre, G. et al. Oxidative and antioxidative responses in the wheat-Azospirillum brasilense interaction. Protoplasma 253, 477–486 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0826-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0826-1

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