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Interference of bicarbonate and carbonate anions in the solar disinfection of water

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Abstract

Sunlight-mediated water disinfection (SODIS) is an important technique, especially when applied in regions where the water treatment system is fragile because the SODIS process has a high capacity for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms. Although the intensity of solar radiation, exposure time, and turbidity of the water are relevant factors for the process, it has also been observed that the chemical composition of the water can interfere with the efficiency of the process. Some chemical species are able to capture radicals that are important for the disinfection process; therefore, the identification of these compounds would contribute to the optimization of the process and increase its efficiency. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of bicarbonate and carbonate anions using concentrations of Na2CO3 (5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg dm−3) on the solar disinfection process in surface water using total coliforms (C0 = 104 UFC.100 cm−3) and Escherichia coli (C0 = 103 UFC.100 cm−3) content as performance parameters for disinfection efficiency. It was observed that in all samples exposed to solar radiation (4 and 5 h), there was a reduction in E. coli and total coliform content when compared to a sample that was not exposed to radiation. However, the addition of carbonate and bicarbonate anions negatively interferes with the disinfection process, reducing the efficiency of SODIS by approximately 0.1 log for E. coli and 0.3 log for CT from a Na2CO3.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil), Financing Code 001 CAPES, the FAPT (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa—Governo do Tocantins) for a productivity grant, and PROPESQ/UFT (Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação da Universidade Federal do Tocantins) for promoting the translation and publication of scientific articles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brazil

    Juliana Paggiaro

  2. Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brazil

    Cleidiane Cardoso Teixeira, Grasiele Soares Cavallini & Douglas Henrique Pereira

  3. Department of Chemistry, Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das Acácias, São José dos Campos, SP CEP, 12228-900, Brazil

    Douglas Henrique Pereira

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  1. Juliana Paggiaro
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  2. Cleidiane Cardoso Teixeira
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  3. Grasiele Soares Cavallini
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Correspondence to Douglas Henrique Pereira.

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Paggiaro, J., Teixeira, C.C., Cavallini, G.S. et al. Interference of bicarbonate and carbonate anions in the solar disinfection of water. Monatsh Chem 155, 583–589 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-024-03206-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-024-03206-3

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