Abstract
FAPbI3, FAPbBr3, and FAPbBr3−x I x perovskite thin films were produced in a single step from a solution containing a mixture of FAI, PbI2, FABr, and PbBr2 (FA = formamidinium). FAPbBr3−x I x perovskite thin films were deposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates by spin coating. X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that these thin-film perovskites crystallize in the cubic phase (Pm-3 m) for all composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ 3. Mixed lead perovskites showed a high absorbance in the UV–Vis range. The optical band gap was estimated from spectral absorbance measurements. It was found that the onset of the absorption edge for FAPbBr3–x I x thin films ranges between 1.47 and 2.20 eV for x = 0 and x = 3, respectively. Photoluminescence emission energies for mixed halide perovskites were also dependent on their composition and presented intermediate values from 810.4 nm for FAPbI3 to 547.3 nm for FAPbBr3.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kojima A, Teshima A, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:6050
Etgar L, Gao P, Xue Z, Peng Q, Chandiran AK, Liu B, Nazeeruddin MK, Gratzel M (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:17396
Zhang K, Eperon GE, Snaith HJ (2016) Nat Energy 1:16048
Zuo C, Bolink HJ, Han H, Huang J, Cahen D, Ding L (2016) Adv Sci 3:1500324
Wang YK, Yuan ZC, Shi GZ, Li YX, Li Q, Hui F, Sun BQ, Jiang ZQ, Liao LS (2016) Adv Funct Mater 26:1375
Yang WS, Noh JH, Jeon NJ, Kim YC, Ryu S, Seo J, Seok SII (2015) Science 348:1234
Zhang F, Zhong H, Chen C, Wu XG, Hu X, Huang H, Han J, Zou B, Dong Y (2015) ACS Nano 9:4533
Braly IL, Hillhouse HW (2016) J Phys Chem C 120:893
Hu M, Bi C, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Huang J (2016) Adv Sci 3:1500301
Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Yang WS, Kim YC, Ryu S, Seo J, Seok S (2015) Nature 517:476
Im J, Jang I, Pellet N, Grätzel M, Park N (2014) Nat Nanotechnol 9:927
Liu J, Lu S, Zhu L, Li X, Choy WCH (2016) Nanoscale 8:3638
Jung HS, Park NG (2015) Small 11:10
Yang Z, Chueh CC, Liang PW, Crump M, Lin F, Zhu Z, Jen AKY (2016) Nano Energy 22:328
Zhou Y, Yang M, Wu W, Vasiliev AL, Zhu K, Padture NP (2015) J Mater Chem A 3:8178
Shao S, Chen Z, Fang HH, Brink GH, Bartesaghi D, Adjokatse S, Koster LJA, Kooi BJ, Facchetti A, Loi MA (2016) J Mater Chem A 4:2419
McMeekin DA, Sadoughi G, Rehman W, Eperon GE, Saliba M, Hörantner MT, Haghighirad A, Sakai N, Korte L, Rech B, Johnston MB, Herz LM, Snaith HJ (2016) Science 351:151
Koh TM, Fu K, Fang Y, Chen S, Sum TC, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar SG, Boix PP, Baikie T (2014) J Phys Chem C 118:16458
Jacobsson TJ, Baena JPC, Pazoki M, Saliba M, Schenk K, Gratzel M, Hagfeldt A (2016) Energ Environ Sci 9:1706
Kim YC, Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Yang WS, Seo J, Yun JS, Ho-Baillie A, Huang S, Green MA, Seidel J, Ahn TK, Il Seok S (2016) Adv Energ Mater 6:457
Wozny S, Yang M, Nardes AM, Mercado CC, Ferrere S, Reese MO, Zhou W, Zhu K (2015) Chem Mater 27:4814
Lv S, Pang S, Zhou Y, Padture NP, Hu H, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhu H, Zhang L, Huang C, Cui G (2014) Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:19206
Han Q, Bae SH, Sun P, Hsieh YT, Yang Y, Rim YS, Zhao H, Chen Q, Shi W, Li G, Yang Y (2016) Adv Mater 28:2253
Aharon S, Dymshits A, Rotem A, Etgar L (2015) J Mater Chem A 3:9171
Zhu K, Miyasaka T, Kim JY, Seró IM (2015) J Phys Chem Lett 6:2315
Brivio F, Caetano C, Walsh A (2016) J Phys Chem Lett 7:1083
Bai S, Yuan Z, Gao F (2016) J Mater Chem C 4:3898
Binek A, Hanusch FC, Docampo P, Bein T (2015) J Phys Chem Lett 6:1249
Wang Z, Zhou Y, Pang S, Xiao Z, Zhang J, Chai W, Xu H, Liu Z, Padture NP, Cui G (2015) Chem Mater 27:7149
Zhou Y, You L, Wang S, Ku Z, Fan H, Schmidt D, Rusydi A, Chang L, Wang L, Ren P, Chen L, Yuan G, Chen L, Wang J (2016) Nat Commun 7:11193
Yi C, Luo J, Meloni S, Boziki A, Ashari-Astani N, Gratzel C, Zakeeruddin SM, Rothlisberger U, Gratzel M (2016) Energy Environ Sci 9:656
Vega E, Mollar M, Marí B (2015) Phys Status Solid C 1
Atourki L, Vega E, Marí B, Mollar M, Ahsaine HA, Bouabid K, Ihlal A (2016) Appl Surf Sci 371:112
Yoon SJ, Draguta S, Manser JS, Sharia O, Schneider WF, Kuno M, Kamat PV (2016) ACS Energy Lett 1:290
Rehman W, Milot RL, Eperon GE, Wehrenfennig C, Boland JL, Snaith HJ, Johnston MB, Herz LM (2015) Adv Mater 48:7938
Price M, Butkus J, Jellicoe T, Sadhanala A, Briane A, Halpert J, Broch K, Hodgkiss J, Friend R, Deschler F (2015) Nat Commun 6:8420
Zhu H, Miyata K, Fu Y, Wang J, Joshi P, Niesner D, Williams KW, Jin S, Zhu XY (2016) Science 353:1409
Saliba M, Matsui T, Seo JY, Domanski K, Correa-Baena JP, Mohammad KN, Zakeeruddin SM, Tress W, Abate A, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M (2016) Energy Environ Sci 9:1989
Hanusch FC, Wiesenmayer E, Mankel E, Binek A, Angloher P, Fraunhofer C, Giesbrecht N, Feckl JM, Jaegermann W, Johrendt D, Bein T, Docampo P (2014) J Phys Chem Lett 5:2791
Aygüler MF, Weber MD, Puscher BMD, Medina DD, Docampo P, Costa RD (2015) J Phys Chem C 119:12047
Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Kim YC, Yang WS, Ryu S, Seok SI (2014) Nat Mater 13:897
Lee JW, Kim DH, Kim HS, Seo SW, Cho SM, Park NG (2015) Adv Energy Mater 5:1501310
Yuan DX, Gorka A, Xu MF, Wang ZK, Liao LS (2015) Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:19745
Weller MT, Weber OJ, Henry PF, Di Pumpo AM, Hansen TC (2015) Chem Commun 51:4180
Weller MT, Weber OJ, Frost JM, Walsh A (2015) J Phys Chem Lett 6:3209
Scherrer P (1918) Goettinger Nachrichten Math Phys 2:98
Yang Z, Chueh CC, Liang PW, Crump M, Lin F, Zhu Z, Jen AKY (2016) Nano Energy 22:328
Kyung TC, Sanghyun P, Giulia G, Cristina RC, Peng G, Yonghui L, Mohammad KN (2017) Energy Environ Sci 10:627
Anand SS, Sumanshu A, Neha M, Pradeep N, Maikel VH, Shaibal KS (2015) Adv Mater Interfaces 7:1601143
Vanessa LP, Benjia D, Douglas GVC, Talysa RKS, Frank SB, Sean ES, Ahmed MI, Maikel FAM, Michael FT (2017) Nat Comm 8:14075
Tsunekawa S, Fukuda T, Kasuya A (2000) J Appl Phys 87:1318
Papavassiliou GC, Koutselas IB (1995) Synth Met 71:1713
Koh T, Fu K, Fang Y, Chen S, Sum T, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S, Boix P, Baikie T (2014) J Phys Chem C 118:16458
Jacobsson TJ, Tress W, Correa-Baena JP, Edvinsson T, Hagfeldt A (2016) J PhysChem C 120:11382
Gao P, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK (2014) Energy Environ Sci 7:2448
Walsh A (2015) J Phys Chem C 119:5755
Mosconi E, Amat A, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M, Angelis FD (2015) J Phys Chem C 117:13902
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (ENE2016-77798-C4-2-R) and Generalitat valenciana (Prometeus 2014/044).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Slimi, B., Mollar, M., Ben Assaker, I. et al. Synthesis and characterization of perovskite FAPbBr3−x I x thin films for solar cells. Monatsh Chem 148, 835–844 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-017-1958-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-017-1958-0