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The role of pyroptosis in viral infection

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Abstract

Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death, which is an important natural immune response. Pyroptosis plays a major role in combating pathogenic infections. The mechanism of pyroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death and is characterized by its dependence on inflammatory caspases (mainly caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11). Activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles is involved in caspase-1 activation and cleavage, which in turn triggers cleavage and multimerization of multiple gasdermin family members, including gasdermin-D (GSDMD). This further leads to cell perforation and cellular distension, causing cell membrane rupture, resulting in a massive efflux of cell contents, which triggers inflammatory reactions. In recent years, detailed study of viral diseases, has demonstrated that pyroptosis is closely associated with the development of viral diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of pyroptosis and the connection between pyroptosis and viral infection.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to apologize to the many researchers who have contributed to this area of research but have not been cited in this review due to space limitations.

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH302 [Bing Luo]; ZR2020MC020 [Yan Zhang]).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Zhen Zhao, Yan Zhang & Bing Luo

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China

    Yan Zhang

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  1. Zhen Zhao
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  2. Yan Zhang
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  3. Bing Luo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Writing—original draft preparation, Zhen Zhao; writing—review and editing, Yan Zhang and Bing Luo. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y. & Luo, B. The role of pyroptosis in viral infection. Arch Virol 169, 69 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-05978-9

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