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Epidemiological and genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, from 2015 to 2017

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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious virus. PED was first identified in 2008 and has greatly affected the Vietnamese pig production economy. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PEDV in piglet herds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Diarrheal stool and intestinal samples from 2262 piglets from 191 herds in five provinces were collected to test for the presence of PEDV. Ten PEDV strains were randomly selected for sequencing, and four genes encoding PEDV structural proteins were analyzed. The rates of herds and samples positive for PEDV were 27.23% and 27.72%, respectively. In positive herds, the morbidity and mortality of PEDV-positive piglets were 97.97% and 79.06%, respectively, with most of the infected piglets under 7 days of age. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 10 PEDV strains from this study clustered with genotype G2 strains from Vietnam and neighboring countries. Many amino acid substitutions were identified in important antigenic regions in the spike protein of the 10 strains when compared to four PEDV vaccine strains. This study provides novel insights into the epidemiology and genetic diversity of circulating PEDV strains, which could facilitate the development of an appropriate and proactive strategy for controlling PED.

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Availability of data and material

The complete genome sequences of the PEDV strains identified in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers MG373530-34 and OP723421-25 for the S gene, MG373535-39 and OP723406-10 for the E gene, MG373540-44 and OP723411-15 for the M gene, and MG373545-49 and OP723416-20 for the N gene.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful for technical support that we received from the HanViet Veterinary Diagnosis Laboratory at Nong Lam University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, HCMC, 700000, Vietnam

    Ngoc Hai Nguyen & Danh Cong Lai

  2. Vemedim Research and Development Center, Can Tho, 94000, Vietnam

    Tri Minh Huynh

  3. College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Vietnam

    Hien Duc Nguyen

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Minh Nam Nguyen

  5. Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University HCMC, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Minh Nam Nguyen

  6. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Quarter 6, Linh Trung, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam

    Minh Nam Nguyen

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  1. Ngoc Hai Nguyen
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  2. Tri Minh Huynh
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Contributions

NHN and MNN designed the study. TMH and HDN performed experiments. NHN, TMH, HDN, DCL, and MNN analysed the data. NHN, DCL, and MNN wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ngoc Hai Nguyen or Minh Nam Nguyen.

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Conflict of interest

All authors have read the journal's policy on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest, and we declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted in compliance with the institutional rules for the care and use of laboratory animals and using a protocol approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), Vietnam (TCVN 8402:2010).

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Nguyen, N., Huynh, T.M., Nguyen, H.D. et al. Epidemiological and genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, from 2015 to 2017. Arch Virol 168, 152 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05779-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05779-6

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