Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Differences in the pathogenicity of Chinese virulent genotype GIIa and GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains and the humoral immune status of one- and two-month-old weaned pigs infected with these strains

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We evaluated differences in the pathology and humoral immune status in one- and two-month-old weaned pigs infected with virulent Chinese genotype GIIa and GIIb strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). All pigs infected with the GIIa strain developed severe diarrhea (100%), while the morbidity of the GIIb strain in one- and two-month-old weaned pigs was 80% (4/5) and 40% (2/5), respectively. There was no significant difference in IgA, IgG, or virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody levels associated with GIIa and GIIb in one-month-old weaned pigs (P > 0.05), but in two-month-old weaned pigs, the IgA, IgG, and VN antibody levels associated with GIIa were significantly higher than those associated with GIIb (P < 0.05).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Data availability

Data available on request from the authors.

References

  1. Song D, Park B (2012) Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines. Virus Genes 44:167–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Chasey D, Cartwright SF (1978) Virus-like particles associated with porcine epidemic diarrhoea. Res Vet Sci 25:255–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Pensaert MB, de Bouck P (1978) A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. Adv Virol 58:243–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sun RQ, Cai RJ, Chen YQ, Liang PS, Chen DK, Song CX (2012) Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets, China. Emerg Infect Dis 18:161–163

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Stevenson GW, Hoang H, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Sun D, Madson D, Cooper VL, Pillatzki A, Gauger P, Schmitt BJ, Koster LG, Killian ML, Yoon KJ (2013) Emergence of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences. J Veterin Diagnos Investig 25:649–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang L, Byrum B, Zhang Y (2014) New variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, United States, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 20:917–919

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Crawford K, Lager KM, Kulshreshtha V, Miller LC, Faaberg KS (2016) Status of vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States and Canada. Virus Res 226:108–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Song D, Moon H, Kang B (2015) Porcine epidemic diarrhea: a review of current epidemiology and available vaccines. Clin Experim Vaccine Res 4:166–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lee C (2015) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus. Virol J 12:193

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Huang YW, Dickerman AW, Piñeyro P, Li L, Fang L, Kiehne R, Opriessnig T, Meng XJ (2013) Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States. mBio 4:e00737-00713

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Shibata I, Tsuda T, Mori M, Ono M, Sueyoshi M, Uruno K (2000) Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in porcine cell cultures and experimental infection of pigs of different ages. Vet Microbiol 72:173–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Madson DM, Magstadt DR, Arruda PH, Hoang H, Sun D, Bower LP, Bhandari M, Burrough ER, Gauger PC, Pillatzki AE, Stevenson GW, Wilberts BL, Brodie J, Harmon KM, Wang C, Main RG, Zhang J, Yoon KJ (2014) Pathogenesis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolate (US/Iowa/18984/2013) in 3-week-old weaned pigs. Vet Microbiol 174:60–68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Niederwerder MC, Nietfeld JC, Bai J, Peddireddi L, Breazeale B, Anderson J, Kerrigan MA, An B, Oberst RD, Crawford K, Lager KM, Madson DM, Rowland RR, Anderson GA, Hesse RA (2016) Tissue localization, shedding, virus carriage, antibody response, and aerosol transmission of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus following inoculation of 4-week-old feeder pigs. J Veterin Diagnos Investig 28:671–678

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen Q, Gauger PC, Stafne MR, Thomas JT, Madson DM, Huang H, Zheng Y, Li G, Zhang J (2016) Pathogenesis comparison between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains in conventional neonatal piglets. J Gen Virol 97:1107–1121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jung K, Annamalai T, Lu Z, Saif LJ (2015) Comparative pathogenesis of US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain PC21A in conventional 9-day-old nursing piglets vs. 26-day-old weaned pigs. Vet Microbiol 178:31–40

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Gerber PF, Xiao CT, Lager K, Crawford K, Kulshreshtha V, Cao D, Meng XJ, Opriessnig T (2016) Increased frequency of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus shedding and lesions in suckling pigs compared to nursery pigs and protective immunity in nursery pigs after homologous re-challenge. Vet Res 47:118

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Annamalai T, Saif LJ, Lu Z, Jung K (2015) Age-dependent variation in innate immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling versus weaned pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 168:193–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhou P, Yang J, Fang Y, Dong Z, Zhao D, Li W, Feng J, Cui B, Zhang Y, Wang Y (2019) A newly isolated Chinese virulent genotype GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain: Biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immune protective effects as an inactivated vaccine candidate. Virus Res 259:18–27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang Q, Zhou P, Fang Y, Dong Z, Zhao D, Li W, Feng J, Zhang Y, Wang Y (2019) Biological characterization and pathogenicity of a newly isolated Chinese highly virulent genotype GIIa porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain. Adv Virol 164:1287–1295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang Q, Liu X, Fang Y, Zhou P, Wang Y, Zhang Y (2017) Detection and phylogenetic analyses of spike genes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in China in 2016–2017. Virol J 14:194

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen Q, Li G, Stasko J, Thomas JT, Stensland WR, Pillatzki AE, Gauger PC, Schwartz KJ, Madson D, Yoon KJ, Stevenson GW, Burrough ER, Harmon KM, Main RG, Zhang J (2014) Isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses associated with the 2013 disease outbreak among swine in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 52:234–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Sato T, Clevers H (2013) Growing self-organizing mini-guts from a single intestinal stem cell: mechanism and applications. Science 340:1190–1194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Moon HW, Norman JO, Lambert G (1973) Age dependent resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (TGE). I. Clinical signs and some mucosal dimensions in small intestine. Can J Comp Med 37:157–166

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Jung K, Saif LJ (2015) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection: Etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis. Veterin J (London, England) 204:134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Annamalai T, Lin CM, Gao X, Liu X, Lu Z, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2017) Cross protective immune responses in nursing piglets infected with a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain and challenged with an original US PEDV strain. Vet Res 48:61

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Jung K, Saif LJ, Wang Q (2020) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): An update on etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control. Virus Res 286:198045

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Chen Q, Thomas JT, Giménez-Lirola LG, Hardham JM, Gao Q, Gerber PF, Opriessnig T, Zheng Y, Li G, Gauger PC, Madson DM, Magstadt DR, Zhang J (2016) Evaluation of serological cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains. BMC Vet Res 12:70

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Langel SN, Paim FC, Alhamo MA, Buckley A, Van Geelen A, Lager KM, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ (2019) Stage of gestation at porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection of pregnant swine impacts maternal immunity and lactogenic immune protection of neonatal suckling piglets. Front Immunol 10:727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China

    Liping Zhang, Ruiming Yu, Zhongwang Zhang, Peng Zhou, Jianliang Lv, Yonglu Wang, Li Pan & Xinsheng Liu

Authors
  1. Liping Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ruiming Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhongwang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peng Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianliang Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yonglu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Li Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xinsheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Li Pan or Xinsheng Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Sheela Ramamoorthy.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, L., Yu, R., Zhang, Z. et al. Differences in the pathogenicity of Chinese virulent genotype GIIa and GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains and the humoral immune status of one- and two-month-old weaned pigs infected with these strains. Arch Virol 168, 97 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05725-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-023-05725-6

Search

Navigation