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Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata)

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Abstract

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are host-species-specific and tissue-specific viruses that infect a diverse array of vertebrate hosts, including humans and non-human primates, with varying pathogenic outcomes. Although primate PVs have been studied extensively, no complete genome sequences of PVs from lemurs have been determined to date. Saliva samples from three critically endangered, captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata) at the Duke Lemur Center (USA) were analyzed, using high-throughput sequencing, for the presence of oral papillomaviruses. We identified three PVs from two individuals, one of which had a coinfection with two different PVs. Two of the three PVs share 99.6% nucleotide sequence identity, and we have named these isolates "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 1" (VavPV1). The third PV shares ~63% nucleotide sequence identity with VavPV1, and thus, we have named it "Varecia variegata papillomavirus 2" (VavPV2). Based on their E1 + E2 + L1 protein sequence phylogeny, the VavPVs form a distinct clade. This clade likely represents a novel genus, with VavPV1 and VavPV2 belonging to two distinct species. Our findings represent the first complete genome sequences of PVs found in lemuriform primates, with their presence suggesting the potential existence of diverse PVs across the over 100 species of lemurs.

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Data availability

The sequences described in this study have been deposited in the GenBank database under accession numbers OP376964-OP376966. Raw reads have been deposited at SRA under BioProject: PRJNA874427; BioSample: SAMN30547858; SAMN30547860; SRA: SRR21284443; SRR21284444.

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Acknowledgements

We particularly thank the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) staff members was scheduled and aided in sample collection. This is DLC publication #1530.

Funding

The work described here was supported by TriCEM (Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine), Duke Biology, and Sigma Xi grants awarded to ENP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    Elise N. Paietta & Anne D. Yoder

  2. The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Simona Kraberger, Joy M. Custer, Karla L. Vargas & Arvind Varsani

  3. Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Department of Immunobiology, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, UA Cancer Center, The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA

    Koenraad Van Doorslaer

  4. Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa

    Arvind Varsani

Authors
  1. Elise N. Paietta
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  2. Simona Kraberger
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  3. Joy M. Custer
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  5. Koenraad Van Doorslaer
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  6. Anne D. Yoder
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Anne D. Yoder or Arvind Varsani.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Animal handling and sample collection protocols were approved by the Office of Animal Welfare Assurance at Duke University, USA (IACUC #A161-21-08).

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Handling Editor: Ana Cristina Bratanich.

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Paietta, E.N., Kraberger, S., Custer, J.M. et al. Identification of diverse papillomaviruses in captive black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Arch Virol 168, 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05679-1

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