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Molecular typing of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in acute flaccid paralysis patients in Iran in 2019

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Abstract

Enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (PeVs) are among the viral pathogens that can cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). There is not sufficient information about direct detection of EVs and PeVs in AFP patients in Iran. The aim of this study was to conduct a one-year study for direct detection and molecular typing of EVs and PeVs from stool samples of AFP patients in Iran. One hundred stool samples from polio-negative AFP patients who were referred to the Iran National Polio Laboratory were randomly chosen and analyzed during 2019. A one-step TaqMan probe-based real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the 5′-untranslated region (5′ -UTR) was used to screen for EVs and PeVs. All positive samples were genotyped by direct sequencing, targeting the VP1 region of the genome. In total, twelve (12%) and four (4%) stool samples from polio-negative AFP children were positive for EVs and PeVs, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of echovirus 2 (E2), echovirus 13 (E13), echovirus 25 (E25), echovirus 30 (E30), coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2), coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), human enterovirus A76 (HEV-A76), and human parechovirus 1 (HPeV1) in children with AFP-like symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E2 strains clustered together with the strains circulating in the Netherlands during 2014, whereas the PeV strains belonged to different lineages. This study demonstrates that different EV types are associated with AFP cases in Iran. However, the frequency of association of PeVs with AFP cases appears to be low.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Polio Laboratory, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14716-13151, Iran

    Ahmad Nejati, Parastoo Soheili, Soodeh Yousefipoor, Maryam Yousefi, Yaghoob Mollaei-Kandelous, Katayoun Samimi-Rad, Hamideh Tabatabaie, Farshad Khodakhah & Shohreh Shahmahmoodi

  2. Vaccine Preventable Diseases Department, Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohsen Zahraei & Sussan Mahmoudi

Authors
  1. Ahmad Nejati
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  2. Parastoo Soheili
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  3. Soodeh Yousefipoor
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  4. Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
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  5. Sussan Mahmoudi
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  6. Maryam Yousefi
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  8. Katayoun Samimi-Rad
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  11. Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shohreh Shahmahmoodi.

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Funding

This study was funded and supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) grant number 98-3-99-45464 and 98-3-99-45485. It is also part of an MSc thesis supported by TUMS, grant no. 9611410001 and 9611410005. We would like to acknowledge Mrs. Nastaran Ghavami for her assistance in practical work.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Nejati, A., Soheili, P., Yousefipoor, S. et al. Molecular typing of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in acute flaccid paralysis patients in Iran in 2019. Arch Virol 167, 891–899 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05359-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05359-0

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