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A potential new recombinant echovirus 18 strain detected in a 4-year-old child with encephalitis in China in 2019

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Abstract

The species Enterovirus B includes diverse serotypes that can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases, such as aseptic encephalitis, myocarditis, and paralysis. In this study, a 4-year-old child was diagnosed with viral encephalitis, but the causative agent could not be identified using routine immunological tests. Using metagenomic RNA sequencing, a novel strain of enterovirus B, strain PC06, was identified, and its genome sequence was determined by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The viral genome sequence was most similar to that of echovirus E18 strain E18-HeB15-54498/HeB/CHN/2015 (GenBank accession MG720261), with 87.73% nucleotide sequence identity, while the viral proteins shared 96.98% amino acid sequence identity with those of E18 strain Jena/AN1365/10 (GenBank accession no. KX139452). Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 and 3D genes revealed discrepant placement of PC06 in the two trees. In the 3D tree, PC06 formed a separate branch together with other recombinant E18 strains. Further recombination tests revealed that PC06 had possibly undergone recombination at a site between the structural and non-structural regions during its evolutionary history. Based on the analysis of VP1 phylogeny and using online genotyping tools, this potential recombinant is tentatively considered a strain of echovirus 18. This information might contribute to the diagnosis and prevention of related diseases.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Medical Innovation Team of Jiangsu Province (Grant no. CXTDB2017016) and Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health (Grant no. HB2020087).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Yanjun Kang

  2. Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Ying Hua & Mingxia Sun

  3. Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Jun Qian

  4. Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China

    Pengwei Zhu

Authors
  1. Yanjun Kang
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  2. Ying Hua
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  3. Mingxia Sun
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  4. Jun Qian
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  5. Pengwei Zhu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jun Qian or Pengwei Zhu.

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (number: WXCH2019-03-001).

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Handling Editor: Zhenhai Chen.

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Kang, Y., Hua, Y., Sun, M. et al. A potential new recombinant echovirus 18 strain detected in a 4-year-old child with encephalitis in China in 2019. Arch Virol 166, 1231–1236 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04907-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04907-w

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