Abstract
Spartina mottle virus (SpMV), an unassigned member of the family Potyviridae, has been known since 1980, when it was first described in England and Wales in symptomatic plants of the genus Spartina. In infected cells, flexuous particles and pinwheel inclusion bodies were found that resemble those of potyvirids. To date, the NCBI database contains only two partial sequences of a German (Nessmersiel) and an Italian (Assisi) isolate, suggesting that SpMV could be the first member of a new genus, called “Sparmovirus”, in the family Potyviridae. In this study, the first complete genome sequence of the German SpMV isolate (SpMV Ger) was determined. The genome of SpMV is a single-stranded, monopartite, polyadenylated RNA consisting of 9376 nucleotides. Sequence analysis revealed a genome organization similar to that of classical potyviruses, including many conserved features. In phylogenetic analysis, SpMV could not be assigned to any of the known genera, but it showed the closest relationship to rymoviruses and common reed chlorotic stripe virus (CRCSV, unassigned). Sequence comparisons confirmed that a new genus should be established containing SpMV, CRCSV, and three Bermuda grass mosaic virus isolates, which are considered divergent strains of SpMV.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jones P (1980) Leaf mottling of Spartina species caused by a newly recognised virus, spartina mottle virus. Ann Appl Biol 94(1):77–81
Zagula KR, Niblett CL, Robertson NL et al (1992) Potyviridae: genus Rymovirus. Arch Virol Suppl 5:269–276
Götz R, Huth W, Maiss E (1995) Molecular analyses of the coat protein region of different viruses on Poaceae belonging to the Potyviridae. Agronomie 15(7–8):491–494
Salm SN, Rey MEC, Robertson NL et al (1996) Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the partial genomes of Agropyron and Hordeum mosaic viruses, two members of the Rymovirus genus in the taxonomic family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 141(11):2115–2127
Salm SN, Rey MEC, Rybicki EP (1996) Phylogenetic justification for splitting the Rymovirus genus of the taxonomic family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 141(11):2237–2242
Stenger DC, Hall JS, Choi I-R et al (1998) Phylogenetic relationships within the family Potyviridae: wheat streak mosaic virus and brome streak mosaic virus are not members of the genus Rymovirus. Phytopathology 88(8):782–787
van Regenmortel MHV (ed) (2000) Virus taxonomy: Classification and nomenclature of viruses: seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, San Diego
Huth W (2000) Viruses of Gramineae in Germany—a short overview. J Plant Dis Prot 107(4):406–414
Götz R, Huth W, Lesemann D-E et al. (2002) Molecular and serological relationships of Spartina mottle virus (SpMV) strains from Spartina spec. and from Cynodon dactylon to other members of the Potyviridae. Arch Virol 147(2):379–391
Wylie SJ, Adams M, Chalam C et al (2017) ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Potyviridae. J Gen Virol 98(3):352–354
Hosseini A, Koohi Habibi M, Izadpanah K et al (2010) Characterization of a filamentous virus from Bermuda grass and its molecular, serological and biological comparison with Spartina mottle virus. Arch Virol 155(10):1675–1680
Shiboleth YM, Haronsky E, Leibman D et al (2007) The conserved FRNK box in HC-Pro, a plant viral suppressor of gene silencing, is required for small RNA binding and mediates symptom development. J Virol 81(23):13135–13148
Huet H, Gal-On A, Meir E et al (1994) Mutations in the helper component protease gene of zucchini yellow mosaic virus affect its ability to mediate aphid transmissibility. J Gen Virol 75(Pt 6):1407–1414
Fernández-Calvino L, Goytia E, López-Abella D et al (2010) The helper-component protease transmission factor of tobacco etch potyvirus binds specifically to an aphid ribosomal protein homologous to the laminin receptor precursor. J Gen Virol 91(Pt 11):2862–2873
Atreya PL, Lopez-Moya JJ, Chu M et al (1995) Mutational analysis of the coat protein N-terminal amino acids involved in potyvirus transmission by aphids. J Gen Virol 76(Pt 2):265–270
Peng YH, Kadoury D, Gal-On A et al (1998) Mutations in the HC-Pro gene of zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus: effects on aphid transmission and binding to purified virions. J Gen Virol 79(Pt 4):897–904
Jagadish MN, Huang D, Ward CW (1993) Site-directed mutagenesis of a potyvirus coat protein and its assembly in Escherichia coli. J Gen Virol 74(Pt 5):893–896
Dolja VV, Boyko VP, Agranovsky AA et al (1991) Phylogeny of capsid proteins of rod-shaped and filamentous RNA plant viruses: two families with distinct patterns of sequence and probably structure conservation. Virology 184(1):79–86
Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Fauquet CM (2005) Molecular criteria for genus and species discrimination within the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 150(3):459–479
Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank Birgit Milde for her technical support in determining the viral end sequences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Ralf Georg Dietzgen.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rose, H., Menzel, W., Knierim, D. et al. Complete genome sequence of a German isolate of spartina mottle virus supports its classification as a member of the proposed genus “Sparmovirus” within the family Potyviridae. Arch Virol 165, 2385–2388 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04726-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04726-z