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Whole-genome sequence analysis of G3 and G14 equine group A rotaviruses isolated in the late 1990s and 2009-2010

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Abstract

Equine group A rotavirus (RVA) G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains cause gastroenteritis in foals worldwide. Both of these strains have been co-circulating in Japan since G14P[12] strains emerged in the late 1990s. Although it is important to comprehensively understand the evolution of RVA strains, whole-genome sequence data on recent equine RVA strains in Japan are lacking. Therefore, in this study, whole-genome analysis of 23 equine RVA isolates from the late 1990s and 2009-2010 and the vaccine strain RVA/Horse-tc/JPN/HO-5/1982/G3P[12] (HO-5) was performed. The G3 strains, including strain HO-5, shared a G3-P[12]-I6-R2-C2-M3-A10-N2-T3-E2-H7 genotype constellation, and all of their 11 gene segments were highly conserved, regardless of the year of isolation. G14 strains also exhibited an identical genotype constellation (G14-P[12]-I2-R2-C2-M3-A10-N2-T3-E2-H7), but, phylogenetically, segregated into two lineages within the VP7-G14 and NSP4-E2 genotypes. G14 strains were closely related to G3 strains in their VP4, VP1-3, NSP1-3 and NSP5 gene segments. Interestingly, the NSP4 gene of all G3 and G14 strains isolated in the late 1990s branched into a bovine-RVA-like NSP4 gene cluster. These results indicate that, apart from VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes, the Japanese equine RVA strains share a highly conserved genetic backbone, and that strains possessing a bovine-RVA-like NSP4 gene were predominant in the late 1990s in Japan.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Grants-in-Aid for Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (grant H24-shinkou-ippan-005).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuku, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan

      Manabu Nemoto & Takashi Kondo

    2. Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Disease of Animal, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

      Makoto Nagai, Tsutomu Omatsu, Tetsuya Furuya, Junsuke Shirai & Tetsuya Mizutani

    3. Dairy Hygiene Research Division, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062–0045, Japan

      Hiroshi Tsunemitsu

    4. Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo, 208–0011, Japan

      Yoshiki Fujii, Reiko Todaka & Kazuhiko Katayama

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    1. Manabu Nemoto
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    2. Makoto Nagai
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    Correspondence to Makoto Nagai.

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    M. Nemoto and M. Nagai contributed equally to the work.

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    Nemoto, M., Nagai, M., Tsunemitsu, H. et al. Whole-genome sequence analysis of G3 and G14 equine group A rotaviruses isolated in the late 1990s and 2009-2010. Arch Virol 160, 1171–1179 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2374-6

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2374-6

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