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Molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in naturally infected egg layer chickens in a multi-age flock in Brazil

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Abstract

The virus responsible for an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age flock of egg layer chickens under quarantine in Brazil was characterized. Layer chickens from this area with circulating gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV 1) were evaluated using histopathology and molecular characterization techniques based on sequences of infected-cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) and thymidine kinase (TK) genes. The infected chickens that were analyzed were PCR-positive for GaHV-1 in the trachea and negative in most trigeminal ganglia. The lack of ILT lesions in the conjunctiva and respiratory tissues, combined with detection of viral DNA in the trachea, was found to be associated with latent infection. The sequences from five farms obtained in the present study were identical, and there were no deletions within the 272- to 283-bp region of the ICP4 gene, as observed in the sequences of vaccine strains (CEO and TCO). The lack of a deletion in the ICP4 fragment analyzed in this study indicates that the chickens were infected with a field virus. The absence of the T252M mutation in a fragment of the TK gene, in addition to the low mortality rate observed, suggests that the outbreak in the state of Minas Gerais was not caused by a highly virulent strain but rather by a field virus of lower virulence. In addition, using phylogenetic reconstructions, it was found that this field strain was grouped together in a separate branch, apart from the previously characterized Brazilian strains. The introduction of vectored vaccines apparently has been effective in reducing clinical disease and lesions, and preventing new outbreaks of disease.

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Abbreviations

CEO:

Chicken embryo origin

TCO:

Tissue culture origin

FPV:

Fowlpox virus

HVT:

Meleagrid herpesvirus 1 of turkeys

GaHV-1:

Gallid herpesvirus

ICP4:

Infected-cell protein 4

TK:

Thymidine kinase

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Acknowledgments

Research fellowships were provided by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). This research was sponsored by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), grant APQ - 01938-10, APQ-01739-12, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da UFMG, and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT). Furthermore, we are grateful to the Veterinarians from the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) (Izabella Hergot, Luiz A. Torino, Simone G. Palma and Renata G. P. Tomich) and, the Veterinarian from the Departamento de Saúde Animal, Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Bruno R. Pessamilio) for the collaboration in sample collection.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Patologia, Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil

    Rodrigo de Macedo Couto, Ingred Sales Preis, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga & Roselene Ecco

  2. Embrapa Agroenergia, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W3 Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70770-901, Brazil

    Bruno S. A. F. Brasil

  3. Laboratório de Genética Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil

    Marcela Gonçalves Drummond

  4. Setor de Doenças das Aves, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270901, Brazil

    Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins

Authors
  1. Rodrigo de Macedo Couto
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  2. Ingred Sales Preis
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  3. Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga
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  4. Bruno S. A. F. Brasil
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  6. Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins
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  7. Roselene Ecco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roselene Ecco.

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Couto, R.d.M., Preis, I.S., Braga, J.F.V. et al. Molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in naturally infected egg layer chickens in a multi-age flock in Brazil. Arch Virol 160, 241–252 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2273-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2273-2

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