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Linkages of surface air temperature variations over Central Asia with large-scale climate patterns

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Abstract

In this study, we investigate the dominant modes of surface air temperature variations of the cold season (from November through to the next March) and the warm season (from May to September) over Central Asia, and their associations with large-scale climate patterns for the period of 1979–2016. The first two modes of the cold season surface air temperature (CSAT) over Central Asia, obtained by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, feature the monopole structure and the north-south dipole pattern, respectively. For the warm season surface air temperature (WSAT), the leading two EOF modes are characterized by the homogenous structure and the northwest-southeast seesaw pattern, respectively. Further analysis indicates that the large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies play key roles in the CSAT and WSAT variations over Central Asia. The CSAT variation over Central Asia is closely related to the Scandinavia pattern (SCAND) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO), while the WSAT variation is tightly tied to the East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern (EAWR) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These large-scale climate patterns tend to cause the CSAT and WSAT anomalies over Central Asia via their effects on regional geopotential heights, warming advections, and other processes. Positive geopotential height anomalies and increased downward solar radiations generally favor positive SAT anomalies over Central Asia. Moreover, the warm advections are also conducive to the formation of positive SAT anomalies over Central Asia. Our findings are expected to facilitate the improvement of understanding and predicting the CSAT and WSAT variations over Central Asia.

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Data availability

The CRU TS4.01 data is available at https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/. The large-scale atmospheric indices are stored at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/climateindices/list/. The monthly ERA-5 reanalysis atmospheric circulation variables of 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa wind vector, and air temperature at 850-hPa are available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels-monthly-means?tab=form. The NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis data is available at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.gaussian.html.

Code availability

The code that supports the findings of this study is not available.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editor and the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions that improve the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0606501) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41675085).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yuanhuang Zhuang & Jingyong Zhang

  2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yuanhuang Zhuang & Jingyong Zhang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Lingyun Wu

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  1. Yuanhuang Zhuang
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Contributions

Yuanhuang Zhuang downloaded and analyzed all the data in this study and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript.

Jingyong Zhang conceived the whole framework of the article. All the authors have modified the content and format of the paper.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jingyong Zhang.

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Zhuang, Y., Zhang, J. & Wu, L. Linkages of surface air temperature variations over Central Asia with large-scale climate patterns. Theor Appl Climatol 145, 197–214 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03626-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03626-9

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