Abstract
This work describes and illustrates the new species Manihot reflexifolia, sp. nov. and compares its leaf anatomy to Manihot reniformis and probable hybrids between the two species. Manihot reflexifolia is also compared to Manihot jacobinensis from which it can be distinguished by its cylindrical petioles, elliptical to short lanceolate, reflexed leaf lobes and staminate flowers restricted to the terminal portion of the inflorescence (upper half), while M. jacobinensis has dorsiventrally flattened petioles, suborbicular to obovate leaf lobes, and staminate flowers along the entire inflorescence axis. The new species is restricted to rocky outcrops of the Chapada Diamantina in central Bahia State, Brazil. An identification key to Manihot species from rocky outcrops of Chapada Diamantina is provided. The leaf anatomy of M. reflexifolia, M. reniformis and the putative hybrids was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Leaf anatomy was sufficient to characterize M. reflexifolia, M. reniformis and the putative hybrids, as well as to identify the first two wild taxa as potential progenitors of the hybrids (M. reflexifolia × M. reniformis). The most useful anatomical characteristics were the morphology of the petiole and midrib, bundle sheath extension, organization and quantity of vascular bundles, organization and composition of the mesophyll, and the presence of epidermal papillae.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allem AC (1984) A revision of Manihot section Quinquelobae (Euphorbiaceae). PhD Thesis, Department of Botany, University of Reading, Reading
Almeida EFD, Potiguara RCV, Macedo EG, Lins ALFA (2009) Anatomia foliar de espécies de Xylopia L. (Annonaceae) ocorrentes no Parque Ecológico de Gunma, Santa Bárbara, estado do Pará. Bol Mus Paraense Emilio Goeldi, sér. Ciên Nat 4:175–194
Bachman S, Moat J, Hill AW, Torre J, Scott B (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150:117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Cunha-Neto ILD, Martins FM, Caiafa NA, Martins MLL (2014) Leaf anatomy as subsidy to the taxonomy of wild Manihot species in Quinquelobae section (Euphorbiaceae). Brazil J Bot 37:481–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-014-0057-2
Cunha-Neto ILD, Martins FM, Martins MLL, de Oliveira-Silva LR (2017) Comparative leaf anatomy of wild Manihot Mill. species (Euphorbiaceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Nordic J Bot 35(2):207–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01324
Duputié A, Salick J, McKey D (2011) Evolutionary biogeography of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae), a rapidly radiating Neotropical genus restricted to dry environments. J Biogeogr 38:1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02474.x
Esau K (1965) Plant anatomy, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Feio AC, Riina R, Meira RMSA (2016) Secretory structures in leaves and flowers of two dragon’s blood Croton (Euphorbiaceae): new evidence and interpretations. Intern J Pl Sci 177:511–522. https://doi.org/10.1086/685705
Gerlarch G (1969) Botanische Mikrotechnik. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgard
IUCN (2014) IUCN red list categories and criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1. Accessed 10 Apr 2016
Jesus JLA, Oliveira RP, Leite KRB, Silva LB (2012) Comparative analysis of the leaf anatomy in two Parodiolyra species (Poaceae: Olyreae) occurring on forests in Eastern Brazil. Brazil J Bio 72:205–210. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842012000100025
Johansen DA (1940) Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill, New York
Leal CKA, Agra MF (2005) Estudo Farmacobotânico Comparativo das folhas de Jatropha molissima (Pohl) Baill. e Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Farm Bonaerense 24:5–13
Martins LL, Carvalho PCL, Ledo CAS, Amorim AMA (2014) What’s new in Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiaceae)? Syst Bot 39:485–489. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X680780
Melo GM, Cunha PC, Pereira JAF, Willadino L, Ulisses C (2011) Alterações anatômicas em folhas e raízes de Jatropha curcas L. cultivadas sob estresse salino. Revista Ci Agron 42:670–674. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902011000300013
Metcalfe CR (1983) Ecological anatomy and morphology general survey. In: Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (eds) Anatomy of the dicotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (1965) Anatomy of the dicotyledons: leaves, stem and wood in relation to taxonomy with notes on economic uses. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Nassar NMA (1980) Attempts to hybridize wild Manihot species with cassava. Econ Bot 34:13–15
Nassar NMA (2000) Cytogenetics and evolution of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Genet Molec Biol 23:1003–1014. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572000000400046
Nassar NMA (2002) Has Manihotoides pausiflora Rogers & Appan, a cassava relative become extinct? Canad J Pl Sci 61:1071–1073
Rogers DJ, Appan SG (1973) Manihot and Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae): a computer assisted study. Flora Neotropica Monograph No. 13. Hafner Press, New York
Silva MJ, Sodré RC, Almeida LCDS (2013) A new endemic species of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae s. str.) from the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil. Phytotaxa 131:53–57. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.131.1.10
Silva MJ, Inocencio L, Alonso AA (2016) Manihot allemii sp. nov. (Euphorbiaceae ss) with entire and unlobed leaves from northern Brazil, with notes about foliar anatomy. Nordic J Bot 34:134–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00992
Thakur HA, Patil DA (2012) The family Euphorbiaceae: anatomical conspectus. World J Sci Techn 2:51–57
Thiers B [continuously updated] Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/. Accessed 20 June 2016
Vannucci AL (1982) Anatomia Comparada de Duas Espécies Nativas de Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiaceae). MSc Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas
Wilkinson HP (1979) The plant surface (mainly leaf). In: Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (eds) Anatomy of the dicotyledons. Systematic anatomy of the leaf and stem, with a brief history of the subject, vol. I. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 97–117
Acknowledgements
The authors thank CAPES for the master’s scholarship awarded to ASS, CNPq for providing Research Productivity Fellowship to AMA (Grant #312404/2018-2) and Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura for financing the projects that allowed this study. We also thank the Parque Municipal Natural de Mucugê for allowing us to conduct the study, the Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal at UFRB for providing the laboratory infrastructure needed for the study and the Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz – CPqGM – Serviço de Microscopia Eletrônica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz for the scanning electron microscopy analyses.
Funding
Funding was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant No. 310717/2015-9).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the manuscript dos not present any kind of conflict of interests. The purpose and content of the work are original and not previously published.
Additional information
Handling editor: Ricarda Riina.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Santos, A.S., Martins, M.L.L., Martins, F.M. et al. A new species and putative hybrids of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae) from Brazil. Plant Syst Evol 305, 663–674 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01597-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-019-01597-z