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Pollen morphology of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) from China and its systematic implications

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Abstract

Pollen morphology of 36 species and 9 varieties of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) from China was investigated through scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of the genus are monads, radiosymmetric and tricolpate, mainly medium in size, spheroidal (rarely subprolate, prolate or suboblate) in equatorial view and (sub) circular or rounded triangular in polar view. The edge of colpus is thin, perforate or thickened but imperforate and the colpus membrane of the investigated taxa is usually uneven (sunken or raised), with finely/coarsely granular or irregular striation. Four different ornamentation types are delimited on the basis of exine sculpturing: (1) coarsely reticulate; (2) microreticulate; (3) rugosely reticulate and (4) rugulate reticulate. The results do not support the traditional infrageneric classification of Callicarpa which is based on stamen characters. However, pollen characters provide evidence to support Callicarpa as the sister to the Australian subfamily Prostantheroideae, a relationship previously suggested by molecular phylogenetic analyses.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31400178) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant no. 2013FY111200). We are indebted to Ms. Xiao-Ying Hu for technical assistance with scanning electron microscope observations and Dr. Pei-Wu Xie for helpful advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Zhonghui Ma & Dianxiang Zhang

  2. Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Zhonghui Ma

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK

    Gemma L. C. Bramley

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  1. Zhonghui Ma
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  2. Gemma L. C. Bramley
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Correspondence to Gemma L. C. Bramley or Dianxiang Zhang.

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Handling editor: Jürg Schönenberger.

Appendix

Appendix

Specimens investigated

Callicarpa americana L. China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 538 m a. s. l., 11 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0101 (IBSC).

C. angustifolia King & Gamble. Vietnam: Ningping, 230 m a. s. l., 17 Feb 1965, China Vietnam Exp. 2373 (KUN); China: Yunnan, Hekou, 1965, China Vietnam Exp. 2352 (KUN).

C. anisophylla C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang. China: Guangxi, Rongshui, 1100 m a. s. l., 20 Jun 1958, S. H. Chun 14616 (PE); China: Guizhou, Rongjiang, 7 Aug 1959, South Sichuan Exp. 3331 (PE).

C. arborea Roxb. China: Guangxi, Longjin, 750 m a. s. l., 5 Jun 1957, S. H. Chun 11599 (IBSC); China: Yunnan, Luxi, 880 m a. s. l., 23 Nov 2009, Z. H. Ma 071 (IBSC); China: Guangxi, Napo, 902 m a. s. l., 27 Jun 2011, Z. H. Ma 092 (IBSC).

C. bodinieri H.Lév. China: Guangdong, Guangzhou, 11 Jul 1981, H. G. Ye 394 (IBSC); Guangxi, Napo, 873 m a. s. l., 28 Jun 2011, Z. H. Ma 094 (IBSC).

C. bodinieri var. iteophylla C.Y.Wu. China: Yunnan, Fohai, 1550 m a. s. l., May 1936, C. W. Wang 73845 (PE).

C. brevipes (Benth.) Hance. China: Guangdong, Guangzhou, 35 m a. s. l., 26 May 2010, Z. H. Ma 082 (IBSC); Guangdong, Ruyuan, 500 m a. s. l., 19 May 1973, Yue73 67 (IBSC); Hainan, Ledong, 710 m a. s. l., 13 Sep 2011, L. X. Zhou 5476 (IBSC).

C. candicans Hochreutiner. China: Hainan, Danzhou, 12 Feb 1933, S. K. Lau 1026 (IBSC); Hainan, Changjiang, 614 m a. s. l., 22 Nov 2010, Z. H. Ma 0128 (IBSC).

C. cathayana H.T.Chang. China: Guangdong, Dapu, 16 Aug 1958, H. K. Li 202498 (IBSC); Guangdong, Yingde, 340 m a. s. l., 20 Aug 2010, X. X. Huang 10411 (IBSC).

C. dichotoma K.Koch. China: Guangdong, Lianshan, 480 m a. s. l., 17 Jul 1958, P. C. Tam 58836 (IBSC); Guangdong, Yangchun, 600 m a. s. l., 18 Apr 1991, N. Liu 1372 (IBSC).

C. dolichophylla Merr. China: Guangdong, Gaoyao, 250 m a. s. l., 29 Aug 1958, Y. G. Liu 1700 (IBSC); Hainan, Changjiang, 710 m a. s. l., 15 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0159 (IBSC); Guangdong, Xinyi, 16 Jul 1931, C. Wang 30946 (IBSC); Guangdong, Maoming, 12 Aug 1956, L. Deng 2157 (IBSC).

C. giraldii Hesse ex Rehder. China: Zhejiang, Changhua. Y. Y. Ho 28983 (IBSC); Yunnan, Longlin, 1556 m a. s. l., 24 Nov 2009, Z. H. Ma 072 (IBSC).

C. giraldii var. chinyunensis (C.Pei & W.Z.Fang) S.L.Chen. China: Chongqin, Jinyunshan, 1150 m a. s. l., S. J. Wang 1109 (IBSC).

C. giraldii var. subcanescens Rehder. China: Guangdong, Ruyuan, 450 m a. s. l., 24 May 1973, Yue73 186 (IBSC).

C. gracilipes Rehder. China: Sichuan, Fengjie, 900 m a. s. l., 8 Jun 1958, H.F. Chow 26183 (IBSC); Sichuan, Chengkou, 1150 m a. s. l., 10 Jun 1958, T. L. Dai 100787 (PE).

C. hainanensis Z. H. Ma and D. X. Zhang. China: Hainan, Ledong, 528 m a. s. l., 21 Apr 2010, Z. H. Ma 079 (IBSC); Guangdong, Guangzhou, 33 m a. s. l., 2 May 2010, Z. H. Ma 0113 (IBSC).

C. integerrima Champion. China: Guangdong, Fengshun, 19 Jun 1957, H. K. Li 200973 (IBSC).

C. integerrima var. chinensis (P’ei) S. L. Chen. China: Hunan, Rucheng, 546 m a. s. l., 15 Aug 2010, X. X. Huang 10162 (IBSC).

C. japonica Thunb. China: Jiangxi, Lushan. M. K. Wang 772 (IBSC); Korea, 139 m a. s. l., 5 Aug 2010, Z. H. Ma 0160 (IBSC).

C. japonica var. luxurians Rehder. China: Taiwan, Taidong, 5 m a. s. l., 25 Jun 1998, T. Y. A. Yang 10493 (IBSC).

C. kochiana Makino. China: Guangdong, Shaoguan, 230 m a. s. l., 11 Sep 2011, G. Yao 255 (IBSC).

C. kochiana var. laxiflora W.Z.Fang. China: Hainan, Wenchang, 27 May 1957, H. D. Zhang 1256 (IBSC).

C. kwangtungensis Chun. China: Guangdong, Ruyuan, 00/00/1971, Yue71 422 (IBSC); Hunan, Xiangtan, 89 m a. s. l., 9 Aug 2011, Z. H. Ma 0124 (IBSC).

C. lingii Merr. China: Anhui, Xiuning, 17 Jun 1959, Anonymity 1971 (PE); Zhejiang, Ruian, 00 Jun 1959, S. Y. Chang 6534 (PE).

C. loboapiculata Metcalf. China: Guangdong, Lianshan, 540 m a. s. l., 5 Jul 1958, P. C. Tam 58546 (IBSC).

C. longifolia Lam. China: Hainan, Baoting, 1000 m a. s. l., 13 Jun 1935, F. C. How 72820 (IBSC); Guangdong, Guangzhou, 35 m a. s. l., 14 Aug 2009, Z. H. Ma 005 (IBSC); Yunnan, Jinghong, 512 m a. s. l., 12 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0117 (IBSC); Sichuan, Ledong, 13 Jun 1936, S. K. Lau 27118 (IBSC).

C. longifolia var. floccosa Schauer. China: Guangxi, Lingyun, 17 Jul 1937, S. K. Lau 28677 (IBSC).

C. longipes Dunn. China: Guangdong, Xingning, 20 Jun 1958, H. K. Li 201845 (IBSC); Guangdong, Huizhou, 800 m a. s. l., 30 Jun 2010, Z. H. Ma 085 (IBSC).

C. luteopunctata Chang. China: Sichuan, Nanchuan, 1100 m a. s. l., 8 Jul 1957, C. H. Hsiung 91857 (IBSC).

C. macrophylla Vahl. China: Guangdong, Zhaoqin, 17 May 1977, G. L. Shi 12884 (IBSC); Guangxi, Shanglin, 209 m a. s. l., 14 Aug 2011, Z. H. Ma 0158 (IBSC); Yunnan, Funing, 1059 m a. s. l., 30 Jun 2011, Z. H. Ma 095 (IBSC).

C. membranacea Chang. China: Jiangxi, Lushan, 15 Jul 1955, B. K. Lee 126 (IBSC).

C. nudiflora Hook. & Arn. China: Hainan, Changjiang, 615 m a. s. l., 9 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0155 (IBSC).

C. pauciflora Chun ex Chang. China: Guangdong, Boluo, 800 m a. s. l., 12 May 1993, Y. Q. Wang 784 (IBSC); Guangdong, Ruyuan, 1750 m a. s. l., 1 Jun 2011, Z. H. Ma 090 (IBSC).

C. pedunculata R.Br. China: Guangdong, Boluo, 24 Apr 1978, Yue78 5831 (IBSC); Jiangxi, Longnan, 700 m a. s. l., 18 Sep 2009, Z. H. Ma 059 (IBSC); Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 544 m a. s. l., 11 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0104 (IBSC).

C. pedunculata var. longifolia Suzuki. China: Taiwan, Hualian, 300 m a. s. l., 4 May 1996, T. C. Chen 11594 (PE).

C. peichieniana Chun & S.L.Chen. China: Guangdong, Ruyuan, 600 m a. s. l., 21 Jun 1973, Yue73 1029 (IBSC); Guangdong, Huizhou, 467 m a. s. l., 18 Aug 2010, X. Guo 101 (IBSC).

C. pilosissima Maxim. China: Taiwan, 17 Oct 1932, T. Tanaka 13419 (IBSC); Taiwan, Taibei, 700 m a. s. l., 17 Oct 1983, S. Y. Lu 13210 (PE).

C. pingshanensis C.Y.Wu ex W.Z.Fang. China: Sichuan, Pingshan, 700 m a. s. l., 5 Jun 1959, Anonymity 0693 (KUN).

C. randaiensis Hayata. China: Taiwan, Jiayi, 2300 m a. s. l., 12 Jul 1996, T. T. Chen 7672 (PE).

C. remotiserrulata Hayata. China: Taiwan, Pingdong, 10 Apr 1988, S. Z. Yang 10700 (IBSC).

C. rubella f. crenata C.Pei. China: Guangdong, Yingde, 54 m a. s. l., 14 Sep 2010, Z. H. Ma 212 (IBSC).

C. rubella var. rubella Lindl. China: Guangdong, Qingyuan, 8 Jun 1933, C. Wang 32474 (IBSC); Guangdong, Shenzhen, 521 m a. s. l., 16 Aug 2010, Z. H. Ma 089 (IBSC); Guangdong, Yangjiang, 500 m a. s. l., 29 May 1956, C. Wang 41510 (IBSC).

C. rubella var. subglabra (C.Pei) Chang. China: Guangdong, Lianshan, 760 m a. s. l., 14 Jun 1958, P. C. Tam 58318 (IBSC); Guangxi, Rongxian, 980 m a. s. l., 26 Jun 1956, S. H. Chun 9568 (IBSC).

C. salicifolia C.Pei & W.Z.Fang. China: Sichuan, Pingshan, 600 m a. s. l., 1 Jun 1959, Anonymity 0807 (PE); Yunnan, Daguan, 1000 m a. s. l., 16 Jun 1973, B. X. Sun 603 (IBSC).

C. tingwuensis Chang. China: Guangdong, Zhaoqin, 29 May 1957, G. L. Shi 429 (IBSC).

C. yunnanensis W.Z.Fang. China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 560 m a. s. l., 18 Jul 1959, Y. H. Li 001523 (KUN); 544 m a. s. l., 12 Jul 2011, Z. H. Ma 0114 (IBSC).

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Ma, Z., Bramley, G.L.C. & Zhang, D. Pollen morphology of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) from China and its systematic implications. Plant Syst Evol 302, 67–88 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-015-1244-8

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