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Zinc nitride quantum dots as an efficient probe for simultaneous fluorescence detection of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in water samples

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Abstract

The exceptional ascending heights of graphene (carbon) and boron nitride nanostructures have invited scientists to explore metal nitride nanomaterials. Herein, Zn3N2 quantum dots (QDs) were prepared via a simple hydrothermal route from the reaction between zinc nitrate hexahydrate and ammonia solution that possess efficient strength towards sensing applications of metal ions (Cu2+ and Mn2+). The as-prepared Zn3N2 QDs show bright fluorescence, displaying an emission peak at 408 nm upon excitation at 320 nm, with a quantum yield (QY) of 29.56%. It was noticed that the fluorescence intensity of Zn3N2 QDs linearly decreases with the independent addition of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, displaying good linearity in the ranges 2.5–50 µM and 0.05–5 µM with detection limits of 21.77 nM and of 63.82 nM for Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, respectively. The probe was successfully tested for quantifying Cu2+ and Mn2+ in real samples including river, canal, and tap water, providing good recoveries with a relative standard deviation  < 2%. Furthermore, the masking proposition can successfully eliminate the interference if the two metal ions exist together. It was found that thiourea is efficiently able to mask Cu2+ and selectively quenches Mn2+, and l-cysteine is able to halt the quenching potential of Mn2+ and is selectively able to sense Cu2+. The Zn3N2 QDs provide a simple way for the simultaneous detection of both Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in environmental samples at low sample preparations requirements.

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Acknowledgements

Pooja Dharni Dhar Singh thanks the Director, SVNIT, Surat for providing doctoral fellowship.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India (EMR/2016/002621/IPC) and Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS), Government of India (37(2)/14/07/2015/BRNS/10401).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India

    Pooja Dharni Dhar Singh & Suresh Kumar Kailasa

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India

    Z. V. P. Murthy

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. PDDS did the experiments and wrote the draft of the manuscript. ZVPM characterized the synthesized probe. SKK did conceptualization and supervision of the work.

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Correspondence to Suresh Kumar Kailasa.

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Singh, P.D.D., Murthy, Z.V.P. & Kailasa, S.K. Zinc nitride quantum dots as an efficient probe for simultaneous fluorescence detection of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions in water samples. Microchim Acta 191, 161 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06247-x

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