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TiO2-guanine as a new amalgamation compound for fabrication of a disposable biosensor with high sensitivity and rapid detection of H1N1 swine flu virus

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Abstract

A TiO2-guanine nanocomposite (TG NC)–based electrochemical biosensor was immobilized with hemagglutinin (HA) gene specific probe with 5ʹ NH2 group on screen-printed gold electrode (probe(ss)DNA-TG-SPGE). The modified biosensor was examined for H1N1 swine flu virus. TG NCs along with precursors were characterized spectroscopically and morphologically by employing several approaches. Electrochemical investigations were performed with the help of cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS; pH 7.4) with 1 µM methylene blue (MB) redox indicator. For better detection of single-stranded virus DNA, the modified electrode was optimized at various concentrations, pH, and scan rates. The modified biosensor showed high sensitivity (40.32 μA/ng.cm2), low LOD (0.00024 ng/6 µL), and broad linear range 0.0002–20 ng/6µL with coefficient of determination of R2=0.9981 for H1N1 virus detection. The HA gene–modified biosensor presented decent stability and specificity against different infectious pathogens including H3N2 virus and human DNA with negative response. Furthermore, the modified biosensor also responded well for real sample target DNA detection with a recovery of >96%. The simply designed HA gene–modified biosensor transduces decreased current response towards target-specific (ss)DNA binding and could be used as a rapid detection tool for H1N1 swine flu virus diagnosis.

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Data Availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Source data are provided with this paper.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are obligated to CSIR, New Delhi, India, for providing fellowship to Meena Yadav as SRF (award letter no. 09/1063(0028)/2019-EMR-I), University Grant Commission, Delhi, for providing fellowship to Monika Dhanda as JRF (Ref. No. 201610158088), Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonipat, Haryana, and Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, for providing necessary facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India

    Meena Yadav, Rajat Arora, Monika Dhanda & Suman Lata

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India

    Geeta Singh

  3. Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124007, Haryana, India

    Hari Mohan

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Correspondence to Hari Mohan or Suman Lata.

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Institutional Human Ethics committee approval for this study has been obtained vide letter no. HEC/2019/77 dated 10.07.2019.

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Highlights

• Synthesis of novel TiO2-guanine-based nanocomposites by a simple and facile sol-gel method.

• Electrochemical sensing of HA gene specific probe-ssDNA–modified screen-printed gold electrode for H1N1 influenza virus.

• The sensor exhibited high sensitivity, low detection limit (0.00024 ng/6 µL), and wide linear range (0.0002–20 ng/6µL).

• Moreover, the sensor exhibited high specificity against H3N2 influenza strain, various pathogens, and human DNA.

• The modified genosensor also exposed good storage stability of 93.1% even after 90 days of storing at 4 °C.

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Yadav, M., Arora, R., Dhanda, M. et al. TiO2-guanine as a new amalgamation compound for fabrication of a disposable biosensor with high sensitivity and rapid detection of H1N1 swine flu virus. Microchim Acta 190, 412 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-023-05984-9

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